PACAP is implicated in the stress axes.
PACAP is implicated in the stress axes.
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DOI：
10.2174/138161211795589382
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Baba A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hashimoto H;Shintani N;Tanida M;Hayata A;Hashimoto R;Baba A
垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽（PACAP）是一种高度保守的多效性神经肽，具有神经递质、神经调节剂和神经营养因子的作用。越来越多的证据表明 PACAP 是应激轴的中枢和/或外周成分的重要调节器，特别是暴露于长期或创伤性应激。事实上，PACAP 及其同源受体在介导压力相关反应的大脑区域和周围组织中广泛表达。在交感肾上腺髓质系统中，PACAP 是代谢应激期间持续分泌肾上腺素所必需的。 PACAP 可能通过维持交感神经和副交感神经活动之间的平衡来调节自主神经功能并有助于外周稳态，有利于刺激交感系统。此外，PACAP被认为集中作用于下丘脑的室旁核，调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴和交感神经系统。有趣的是，PACAP 在介导焦虑和恐惧相关行为的大脑结构中也很活跃，并且 PACAP 及其受体的表达在病理条件下会动态改变。因此，PACAP 可能会影响与压力相关的精神病理学中的硬连线（基因决定）应激反应和基因-环境相互作用。本文旨在概述 PACAP 依赖性应激反应的分子机制和精神病学影响。
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a highly conserved pleiotropic neuropeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and neurotrophic factor. Accumulating evidence implicates PACAP as an important regulator of both central and/or peripheral components of the stress axes, particularly exposure to prolonged or traumatic stress. Indeed, PACAP and its cognate receptors are widely expressed in the brain regions and peripheral tissues that mediate stress-related responses. In the sympathoadrenomedullary system, PACAP is required for sustained epinephrine secretion during metabolic stress. It is likely that PACAP regulates autonomic function and contributes to peripheral homeostasis by maintaining a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, favoring stimulation of the sympathetic system. Furthermore, PACAP is thought to act centrally on the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus to regulate both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Intriguingly, PACAP is also active in brain structures that mediate anxiety- and fear-related behaviors, and the expression of PACAP and its receptors are dynamically altered under pathologic conditions. Thus PACAP may influence both hard-wired (genetically determined) stress responses and gene-environment interactions in stress-related psychopathology. This article aims to overview the molecular mechanisms and psychiatric implications of PACAP-dependent stress responses.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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