Hierarchical mechanisms for direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to neurons.
Hierarchical mechanisms for direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to neurons.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.028
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发表时间:
2013-10-24
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Wernig M
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wapinski OL;Vierbuchen T;Qu K;Lee QY;Chanda S;Fuentes DR;Giresi PG;Ng YH;Marro S;Neff NF;Drechsel D;Martynoga B;Castro DS;Webb AE;Südhof TC;Brunet A;Guillemot F;Chang HY;Wernig M
Direct lineage reprogramming is a promising approach for human disease modeling and regenerative medicine with poorly understood mechanisms. Here we reveal a hierarchical mechanism in the direct conversion of fibroblasts into induced neuronal (iN) cells mediated by the transcription factors Ascl1, Brn2, and Myt1l. Ascl1 acts as an “on target” pioneer factor by immediately occupying most cognate genomic sites in fibroblasts. In contrast, Brn2 and Myt1l do not access fibroblast chromatin productively on their own; instead Ascl1 recruits Brn2 to Ascl1 sites genome-wide. A unique trivalent chromatin signature in the host cells predicts the permissiveness for Ascl1 pioneering activity among different cell types. Finally, we identified Zfp238 as a key Ascl1 target gene that can partially substitute for Ascl1 during iN cell reprogramming. Thus, precise match between pioneer factor and the chromatin context at key target genes is determinative for trans-differentiation to neurons and likely other cell types.
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