Whole-body photoreceptor networks are independent of ‘lenses’ in brittle stars

Whole-body photoreceptor networks are independent of ‘lenses’ in brittle stars
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全身感光网络独立于海蛇尾的晶状体

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2017.2590
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ullrich-Lüter
Ullrich-Lüter
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sumner-Rooney;Rahman;Sigwart;J. D. ;Ullrich-Lüter

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光接受和视觉是动物感觉生物学和生态学的基本方面,但我们对许多物种的这些过程的理解仍然存在重要的差距。变色的脆性星在视觉研究中是标志性的,推测它拥有独特的全身视觉系统,该系统融合了数千个晶体“微透镜”下的神经束信息。通过对活体和化石分类群中仿生光学和类似的所谓“视觉”结构的研究,人们广泛重申了这一假设,即这些可能形成一个由色素体调节的复杂的复眼系统。然而,没有发现光感受器或视觉行为。我们提出了光感受器网络的第一个证据,在三种蛇科动物,无论是有和没有微透镜和变色行为。高分辨率显微镜、免疫组织化学和同步加速器断层扫描显示,假设的光感受器覆盖了动物的口腔、外侧和流产表面,但在微透镜的假设焦点处没有光感受器。这些晶体“透镜”的结构光学是一种异样,没有实现任何明显的视觉作用。这与以前的研究相矛盾,然而,无论是在分类学上还是在解剖学上,蛇蛉的光感受器网络似乎比以前预期的要广泛得多。
Photoreception and vision are fundamental aspects of animal sensory biology and ecology, but important gaps remain in our understanding of these processes in many species. The colour-changing brittle starOphiocoma wendtiiis iconic in vision research, speculatively possessing a unique whole-body visual system that incorporates information from nerve bundles underlying thousands of crystalline ‘microlenses’. The hypothesis that these might form a sophisticated compound eye-like system regulated by chromatophores has been extensively reiterated, with investigations into biomimetic optics and similar supposedly ‘visual’ structures in living and fossil taxa. However, no photoreceptors or visual behaviours have ever been identified. We present the first evidence of photoreceptor networks in threeOphiocomaspecies, both with and without microlenses and colour-changing behaviour. High-resolution microscopy, immunohistochemistry and synchrotron tomography demonstrate that putative photoreceptors cover the animals' oral, lateral and aboral surfaces, but are absent at the hypothesized focal points of the microlenses. The structural optics of these crystal ‘lenses’ are an exaptation and do not fulfil any apparent visual role. This contradicts previous studies, yet the photoreceptor network inOphiocomaappears even more widespread than previously anticipated, both taxonomically and anatomically.
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