Crown-of-thorns starfish have true image forming vision.
Crown-of-thorns starfish have true image forming vision.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12983-016-0174-9
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Hall MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petie R;Garm A;Hall MR
光感受器已经进化了无数次，使生物体能够检测光并对特定的视觉刺激做出反应。最近对 Asteroidea（棘皮动物）视觉能力的研究表明，该类物种的视觉能力比之前想象的更为发达，并且已经证明海星在其栖息地内利用视觉信息进行定位。尽管海星的眼睛具有形成图像的能力，但真实空间视觉的直接实验证据尚未获得。在受控水族馆实验中，使用一系列刺激来检查其视觉表现，测试了栖息在珊瑚礁中的棘冠海星（Acanthaster planci）的行为反应。我们在中等强度的灰色背景下展示了各种黑白形状的海星，其设计使得动物需要拥有真正的空间视觉来检测这些形状。海星对黑白矩形有反应，但对黑白圆圈没有方向反应，尽管黑白面积相等。此外，我们还证实，当视角大于14°时，海星会被白色背景上的黑色圆圈所吸引。当将最大圆圈的灰色调从黑色更改为白色时，我们发现对 0.5 及以上对比度的响应。海星被视觉刺激的黑暗区域所吸引，并且被发现对视觉目标既吸引又排斥。对于荆棘冠海星来说，视觉线索对于近距离定位野外物体（例如珊瑚巨石）至关重要。这些视觉引导的行为可以在水族箱条件下复制。我们观察到棘冠海星对中等强度灰色背景上的黑白形状做出反应，这是海星和棘皮动物门具有真实空间视觉的第一个直接证据。本文的在线版本 (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0174-9) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Photoreceptors have evolved numerous times giving organisms the ability to detect light and respond to specific visual stimuli. Studies into the visual abilities of the Asteroidea (Echinodermata) have recently shown that species within this class have a more developed visual sense than previously thought and it has been demonstrated that starfish use visual information for orientation within their habitat. Whereas image forming eyes have been suggested for starfish, direct experimental proof of true spatial vision has not yet been obtained. The behavioural response of the coral reef inhabiting crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) was tested in controlled aquarium experiments using an array of stimuli to examine their visual performance. We presented starfish with various black-and-white shapes against a mid-intensity grey background, designed such that the animals would need to possess true spatial vision to detect these shapes. Starfish responded to black-and-white rectangles, but no directional response was found to black-and-white circles, despite equal areas of black and white. Additionally, we confirmed that starfish were attracted to black circles on a white background when the visual angle is larger than 14°. When changing the grey tone of the largest circle from black to white, we found responses to contrasts of 0.5 and up. The starfish were attracted to the dark area’s of the visual stimuli and were found to be both attracted and repelled by the visual targets. For crown-of-thorns starfish, visual cues are essential for close range orientation towards objects, such as coral boulders, in the wild. These visually guided behaviours can be replicated in aquarium conditions. Our observation that crown-of-thorns starfish respond to black-and-white shapes on a mid-intensity grey background is the first direct proof of true spatial vision in starfish and in the phylum Echinodermata. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0174-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1208909109
发表时间：
2012-10-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
De'ath, Glenn;Fabricius, Katharina E.;Puotinen, Marji
通讯作者：
Puotinen, Marji
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Delroisse J;Mallefet J;Flammang P
通讯作者：
Flammang P
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-0981(97)00085-3
发表时间：
1998-01-31
影响因子：
2
作者：
De'ath, G;Moran, PJ
通讯作者：
Moran, PJ
DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0485.1984.tb00131.x
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
MARINE ECOLOGY-PUBBLICAZIONI DELLA STAZIONE ZOOLOGICA DI NAPOLI I
影响因子：
--
作者：
HENDLER, G
通讯作者：
HENDLER, G
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Mäthger, LM;Barbosa, A;Hanlon, RT
通讯作者：
Hanlon, RT