Efficient T Cell Migration and Activation Require L-Plastin.

Efficient T Cell Migration and Activation Require L-Plastin.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2022.916137
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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肌动蛋白细胞骨架的快速重组支持 T 细胞向免疫位点运输并与抗原呈递细胞 (APC) 相互作用。 F-肌动蛋白重排通过稳定血管内皮细胞的粘附并促进跨内皮迁移来实现 T 细胞运输。 T 细胞/APC 免疫突触 (IS) 成熟也依赖于 f-肌动蛋白锚定的 LFA-1:ICAM-1 连接。因此,有效的 T 细胞反应需要严格调节 f-肌动蛋白动力学。在这篇综述中,我们总结了肌动蛋白捆绑蛋白 L-plastin (LPL) 如何调节 T 细胞激活和迁移。 LPL 增强 f-肌动蛋白聚合,并直接与整合素 LFA-1 的 β2 链结合,支持人和鼠 T 细胞的细胞间粘附和 IS 形成。 LPL 缺陷的 T 细胞响应 CXCL12、CCL19 等化学引诱剂而缓慢迁移,并且向 ICAM-1 的极化较差。 LPL 的缺失会损害胸腺出口和结内运动。 LPL 也是 T 细胞 IS 与 APC 一起成熟所必需的,因此也是高效细胞因子产生和增殖所必需的。 LPL-/- 小鼠对 T 细胞介导的病变不太敏感,例如同种异体移植排斥和实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎 (EAE)。 LPL 活性由其 N 末端“头部”调节,该头部包含丝氨酸和苏氨酸磷酸化以及钙和钙调蛋白结合位点。 LPL 磷酸化是粘附和迁移过程中板状伪足形成以及 IS 形成过程中 LFA-1 聚类所必需的。然而,LPL 支持 T 细胞功能反应的精确分子相互作用仍不清楚。未来的研究阐明 LPL 介导的 T 细胞迁移和/或激活调节可能会阐明 T 细胞介导的疾病的治疗靶向途径。
Rapid re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton supports T-cell trafficking towards immune sites and interaction with antigen presenting cells (APCs). F-actin rearrangement enables T-cell trafficking by stabilizing adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and promoting transendothelial migration. T-cell/APC immune synapse (IS) maturation also relies upon f-actin-anchored LFA-1:ICAM-1 ligation. Therefore, efficient T-cell responses require tight regulation of f-actin dynamics. In this review, we summarize how the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) regulates T-cell activation and migration. LPL enhances f-actin polymerization and also directly binds to the β2 chain of the integrin LFA-1 to support intercellular adhesion and IS formation in human and murine T cells. LPL- deficient T cells migrate slowly in response to chemo-attractants such as CXCL12, CCL19, and poorly polarize towards ICAM-1. Loss of LPL impairs thymic egress and intranodal motility. LPL is also required for T-cell IS maturation with APCs, and therefore for efficient cytokine production and proliferation. LPL-/- mice are less susceptible to T-cell mediated pathologies, such as allograft rejection and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). LPL activity is regulated by its N-terminal “headpiece”, which contains serine and threonine phosphorylation and calcium- and calmodulin-binding sites. LPL phosphorylation is required for lamellipodia formation during adhesion and migration, and also for LFA-1 clustering during IS formation. However, the precise molecular interactions by which LPL supports T-cell functional responses remain unclear. Future studies elucidating LPL-mediated regulation of T-cell migration and/or activation may illuminate pathways for therapeutic targeting in T-cell-mediated diseases.
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