Predation patterns across states of landscape fragmentation can shift with seasonal transitions
Predation patterns across states of landscape fragmentation can shift with seasonal transitions
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景观破碎化状态下的捕食模式可能会随着季节的变化而变化
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-020-04675-z
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fodrie, F. Joel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yarnall, Amy H.;Fodrie, F. Joel
巢规模的栖息地异质性可能会独立或协同影响动物群的相互作用。碎裂效应（即，景观的分裂）和边缘效应（即，斑块边缘和内部之间的生态差异，嵌套在景观中）是不同但相关的生态概念，通过栖息地边缘面积比在数学上联系起来。我们的研究量化的单独和交互作用的片段和边缘捕食温带海草。为了评估捕食和一般消费是如何受到破碎状态（即，连续的、碎片化的），以及接近边缘（即，边缘，内部），我们用两种猎物进行拴系测定：幼蟹、Callinectes sapidus和“squidpops”（干鱿鱼套）。我们还调查了动物群密度（消费潜力的代理）和温度（一套广泛的季节性变化的代理）是否与整个景观的捕食相关。结果表明，破碎状态影响捕食（即，螃蟹）死亡率，但边缘效应没有。此外，碎裂效应的方向性随温度/季节梯度而变化。捕食死亡率增加了一倍以上，在连续的景观中的温度上升，超过最初较高的死亡率在破碎的景观，这并没有系统地随温度变化。这种死亡率的大小“翻转”相匹配的连续和破碎的草甸之间的动物密度的时空趋势。这两种猎物的消费率随着温度的增加，都没有表现出边缘效应。然而，螃蟹没有看到与squidpops的碎片化效应，这表明不同的觅食策略，这些猎物的消费者使用。我们的结论是，破碎化和边缘效应有动态的影响温带捕食者-猎物的相互作用，作为动物区系的栖息地异质性的可持续性可以“翻转”的时间。
Nested scales of habitat heterogeneity may independently or synergistically influence faunal interactions. Fragmentation effects (i.e., the breaking apart of landscapes) and edge effects (i.e., ecological differences between edges and interiors of patches, nested within landscapes) are distinct yet related ecological concepts, linked mathematically by the habitat edge-to-area ratio. Our study quantified the separate and interactive effects of fragmentation and edge on predation using temperate seagrass. To assess how predation and generalized consumption were influenced by fragmentation state (i.e., continuous, fragmented), and proximity to edge (i.e., edges, interiors), we used tethering assays with two prey-items: juvenile crabs,Callinectes sapidus, and “squidpops” (dried squid mantle). We also investigated whether faunal densities (a proxy for consumption potential) and temperature (a proxy for a broad suite of seasonal changes) correlated with predation across landscapes. Results showed fragmentation state affected predation (i.e., crab) mortality, yet edge effects did not. Moreover, the directionality of fragmentation effects shifted across a temperature/seasonal gradient. Predation mortality more than doubled in continuous landscapes amidst temperature increases, surpassing initially higher mortality in fragmented landscapes, which did not systematically vary with temperature. This mortality magnitude “flip” matched spatiotemporal trends in faunal densities between continuous and fragmented meadows. Consumption rates of both prey-items increased alongside temperature and neither demonstrated edge effects. However, crabs showed fragmentation effects not seen with squidpops, suggesting differing foraging strategies used by consumers of these prey-items. We conclude that fragmentation and edge effects have dynamic influences on temperate predator–prey interactions, as faunal favorability of habitat heterogeneity can “flip” temporally.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-0981(97)00052-x
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