Technical note: Understanding the effect of COVID-19 on particle pollution using a low-cost sensor network.
Technical note: Understanding the effect of COVID-19 on particle pollution using a low-cost sensor network.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaerosci.2021.105766
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发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Kelly KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chadwick E;Le K;Pei Z;Sayahi T;Rapp C;Butterfield AE;Kelly KE
二零二零年冠状病毒大流行及随后的隔离措施导致全球日常生活发生重大变化。初步研究表明，由于采取了这些措施，许多城市地区的空气质量有所改善。这项研究采用社区规模的方法来量化污染的变化。使用来自公民托管的低成本颗粒物（PM）传感器网络的数据，称为空气质量和yoU（AQ&U），与相对稀疏的国家监测站相比，我们获得了高空间分辨率的测量结果。我们比较了2019年2月11日至5月11日在美国犹他州盐湖县71个独特地点的月平均估计PM2.5浓度，以及2020年相同时间段内相同（71）传感器的测量结果。配对t检验显示，2019年至2020年3月11日至4月10日和4月11日至5月10日期间，PM2.5月浓度估计值分别显著下降（71.1%和21.3%）。3月期间对应该地区最严格的COVID-19相关限制。3月份，州监测点也报告了PM2.5的显著下降（与前5年平均值相比，p < 0.001）。虽然我们观察到整个山谷的PM2. 5浓度在2020年有所下降，但值得注意的是，PM2. 5浓度在所有地点的改善程度并不相同。我们观察到较低海拔、城市化程度较高的地区降幅最大，可能是因为较高海拔、居民区较多的地区PM2. 5水平已经很低，2019年和2020年的PM2. 5水平普遍低于2微克/立方米。尽管3月和4月的许多测量值接近或低于低成本PM传感器和联邦等效测量值的估计检测限，但与2019年相比，2020年3月的每个低成本传感器（51）都显示PM2.5浓度降低。这些结果表明，2020年3月11日之后的空气质量改善是由于检疫措施减少了该地区的交通和污染物排放。
The 2020 coronavirus pandemic and the following quarantine measures have led to significant changes in daily life worldwide. Preliminary research indicates that air quality has improved in many urban areas as a result of these measures. This study takes a neighborhood-scale approach to quantifying this change in pollution. Using data from a network of citizen-hosted, low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensors, called Air Quality & yoU (AQ&U), we obtained high-spatial resolution measurements compared to the relatively sparse state monitoring stations. We compared monthly average estimated PM2.5 concentrations from February 11 to May 11, 2019 at 71 unique locations in Salt Lake County, UT, USA with the same (71) sensors’ measurements during the same timeframe in 2020. A paired t-test showed significant reductions (71.1% and 21.3%) in estimated monthly PM2.5 concentrations from 2019 to 2020 for the periods from March 11-April 10 and April 11-May 10, respectively. The March time period corresponded to the most stringent COVID-19 related restrictions in this region. Significant decreases in PM2.5 were also reported by state monitoring sites during March (p < 0.001 compared to the previous 5-year average). While we observed decreases in PM2.5 concentrations across the valley in 2020, it is important to note that the PM2.5 concentrations did not improve equally in all locations. We observed the greatest reductions at lower elevation, more urbanized areas, likely because of the already low levels of PM2.5 at the higher elevation, more residential areas, which were generally below 2 μg/m3 in both 2019 and 2020. Although many of measurements during March and April were near or below the estimated detection limit of the low-cost PM sensors and the federal equivalent measurements, every low-cost sensor (51) showed a reduction in PM2.5 concentration in March of 2020 compared to 2019. These results suggest that the air quality improvement seen after March 11, 2020 is due to quarantine measures reducing traffic and decreasing pollutant emissions in the region.
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