Critical role of antioxidant programs in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer

Critical role of antioxidant programs in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer
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抗氧化剂计划在恩杂鲁胺耐药性前列腺癌中的关键作用

DOI:
10.1038/s41388-023-02756-w
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Blatt E
Blatt E
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Blatt E

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对第二代雄激素受体(AR)拮抗剂(如enzalutamide)的治疗耐药在晚期前列腺癌(PCa)患者中很常见。为了了解Enzalutamide耐药中涉及的代谢改变,我们对Enzalutamide敏感和耐药PCa细胞、异种移植物、患者源性类器官、患者源性外植体和肿瘤进行了代谢组学、转录组学和顺式组学分析。我们注意到Enzalutamide耐药PCa和去势耐药PCa(CRPC)的基础和诱导活性氧(ROS)水平分别显著高于Enzalutamide敏感PCa细胞或初次治疗的肿瘤。无偏倚代谢组学评价发现,Enzalutamide耐药PCa细胞和CRPC肿瘤中谷氨酰胺代谢持续上调。稳定同位素示踪研究表明,这种增强的谷氨酰胺代谢驱动了一种抗氧化程序,使这些细胞能够耐受更高水平的ROS。用小分子谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂或谷氨酰胺酶基因敲除抑制谷氨酰胺代谢可提高ROS水平,并阻断Enzalutamide耐药PCa的生长。通过靶向另一种抗氧化程序驱动因子铁氧还蛋白1,验证了代偿性抗氧化途径在维持Enzalutamide耐药PCa细胞中的关键作用。综上所述,我们的数据确定了代谢需要维持抗氧化程序和潜在的靶向代谢的脆弱性在Enzalutamide耐药的前列腺癌。
Therapy resistance to second-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, such as enzalutamide, is common in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). To understand the metabolic alterations involved in enzalutamide resistance, we performed metabolomic, transcriptomic, and cistromic analyses of enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant PCa cells, xenografts, patient-derived organoids, patient-derived explants, and tumors. We noted dramatically higher basal and inducible levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in enzalutamide-resistant PCa and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), in comparison to enzalutamide-sensitive PCa cells or primary therapy-naive tumors respectively. Unbiased metabolomic evaluation identified that glutamine metabolism was consistently upregulated in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells and CRPC tumors. Stable isotope tracing studies suggest that this enhanced glutamine metabolism drives an antioxidant program that allows these cells to tolerate higher basal levels of ROS. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism with either a small-molecule glutaminase inhibitor or genetic knockout of glutaminase enhanced ROS levels, and blocked the growth of enzalutamide-resistant PCa. The critical role of compensatory antioxidant pathways in maintaining enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells was validated by targeting another antioxidant program driver, ferredoxin 1. Taken together, our data identify a metabolic need to maintain antioxidant programs and a potentially targetable metabolic vulnerability in enzalutamide-resistant PCa.
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