A Combined Earthquake–Landslide Source Model for the Tsunami from the 27 November 1945 Mw 8.1 Makran Earthquake
A Combined Earthquake–Landslide Source Model for the Tsunami from the 27 November 1945 Mw 8.1 Makran Earthquake
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1945 年 11 月 27 日莫克兰 8.1 级地震海啸的地震-滑坡联合震源模型
DOI：
10.1785/0120160196
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
K. Satake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Heidarzadeh;K. Satake
1945年11月27日在Makran俯冲带发生的Mw 8.1地震引发的海啸是西北印度洋、伊朗、巴基斯坦、阿曼和印度近海唯一有仪器记录的致命海啸。尽管已经提出了一些基于地震或远场海啸数据的震源模型，但没有一个能够再现一个重要的观测结果：10-12m的近场抬升。在这里，我们应用数值模拟并研究了三个可能的次要震源：(1)张开断裂，(2)震源延迟破裂，(3)海底滑坡。这些次级震源被添加到这次海啸的现有最先进的地震源中。模拟结果表明，只有尺寸为15°KM(长)×15°KM(宽)、厚度为600M、体积为∼40 Km~3、位于东经63.0°、北纬24.8°的海底滑坡才能再现近场海啸观测。这种地震-滑坡联合震源符合所有现有的观测结果，包括巴基斯坦卡拉奇和印度孟买的远场海啸波形，近场攀升高度为10-12m，帕斯尼(下沉)和奥尔马拉(隆起∼1-3 m)的沿海同震形变数据，以及地震震级(Ms8.0-8.3)。
[电子增刊：][1]列出了Splay断层和滑坡情景的参数，以及显示Splay断层和滑坡情景的变形和沿海海啸幅度的图表。
[1]：http://www.bssaonline.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1785/0120160196/-/DC1
The tsunami of 27 November 1945 from an M w 8.1 earthquake in the Makran subduction zone is the only instrumentally recorded and deadly tsunami in the northwest Indian Ocean; offshore Iran, Pakistan, Oman, and India. Despite the fact that some source models have been proposed based on seismic or far‐field tsunami data, none of them was able to reproduce one important observation: near‐field runup of 10–12 m. Here, we applied numerical modeling and examined three possible secondary sources: (1) splay faulting, (2) delayed rupture of the earthquake source, and (3) submarine landslides. These secondary sources were added to the existing state‐of‐the‐art earthquake source for this tsunami. Results of simulations revealed that only a submarine landslide with dimensions of 15 km (length) × 15 km (width), a thickness of 600 m, a volume of ∼40 km3, and located at 63.0° E, 24.8° N is capable of reproducing the near‐field tsunami observation. Such a combined earthquake–landslide source is consistent with all available observations including far‐field tsunami waveforms in Karachi (Pakistan) and Mumbai (India), with near‐field runup height of 10–12 m, coastal coseismic deformation data in Pasni (subsidence) and Ormara (uplift ∼1–3 m), and earthquake magnitude ( M 8.0–8.3).
[Electronic Supplement:][1] Tables listing parameters of the splay fault and landslide scenarios, and figures showing deformation and coastal tsunami amplitudes from splay fault and landslide scenarios.
[1]: http://www.bssaonline.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1785/0120160196/-/DC1
1945 年莫克兰海啸对阿拉伯海（北印度洋）海岸线的影响 - 回顾
DOI：
10.1127/0372-8854/2013/s-00134
发表时间：
1945
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hoffmann;Rupprechter;Al Balushi;Grützner;Reicherter
通讯作者：
Reicherter