Enhanced conditioned "liking" of novel visual cues paired with alcohol or non-alcohol beverage container images among individuals at higher risk for alcohol use disorder.
Enhanced conditioned "liking" of novel visual cues paired with alcohol or non-alcohol beverage container images among individuals at higher risk for alcohol use disorder.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-022-06231-4
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Schachtman, Todd R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cofresi, Roberto U.;Piasecki, Thomas M.;Bartholow, Bruce D.;Schachtman, Todd R.
本研究使用评估条件反射（EC）程序来评估CS对人类摄入药物奖励的情感特性。具体来说，该研究测试了对任意视觉刺激（“CS2”，例如，紫色六边形）的评价反应（“喜欢”/“不喜欢”）是否可以通过与酒精或非酒精饮料线索（“CS1”，例如，满酒杯，果汁盒）的配对而改变，这表面上分别是酒精或非酒精液体奖励的条件视觉预测刺激。参与者（N = 369, 18-23岁，66%女性，79%白人，21%报告从未或过去一年没有饮酒）接受了24对CS1配对，每个CS2。CS2和CS1评估前和后适应。酒精和非酒精CS2“喜欢”与酒精使用相关。“喜欢”酒精而非酒精CS1也与酒精使用相关。酒精CS1的“喜欢”也与酒精和非酒精CS2的“喜欢”相关，而非酒精CS1的“喜欢”与非酒精CS2的“喜欢”相关，但与酒精CS2的“喜欢”无关。综上所述，这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即与药物相关的视觉刺激获得食欲（享乐和/或激励）特性是药物使用个体差异的一种功能，这就导致了酒精等成瘾物质的条件反射效应暴露的个体差异。研究结果还表明，药物使用与倾向于将情感/动机意义归因于一般的奖励预测线索之间存在联系。在线版本包含补充材料，可在10.1007/s00213-022-06231-4获得。
This study used an evaluative conditioning (EC) procedure to assess the affective properties of a CS for ingested drug reward in humans. Specifically, the study tested whether the evaluative response (“liking”/”disliking”) to an arbitrary visual stimulus (“CS2,” e.g., a purple hexagon) could be changed through pairings with an alcohol or non-alcohol beverage cue (“CS1,” e.g., a full wine glass, a juice box), which is ostensibly a conditioned visual predictive stimulus for alcohol or non-alcohol liquid reward, respectively. Participants (N = 369, 18–23 years, 66% female, 79% white, 21% reporting no alcohol use ever or in the past year) received 24 CS1 pairings with each CS2. CS2 and CS1 evaluations were assessed pre- and post-conditioning. Alcohol and non-alcohol CS2 “liking” correlated with alcohol use. “Liking” of the alcohol but not non-alcohol CS1 also correlated with alcohol use. Alcohol CS1 “liking” also correlated with alcohol and non-alcohol CS2 ‘liking,” whereas non-alcohol CS1 ‘liking” correlated with non-alcohol but not alcohol CS2 “liking.” Taken together, findings support the idea that drug-related visual stimuli acquire appetitive (hedonic and/or incentive) properties as a function of individual differences in drug use, which entail individual differences in exposure to the conditioning effects of addictive substances like alcohol. Findings also suggest a link between drug use and the propensity to attribute affective/motivational significance to reward-predictive cues in general. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00213-022-06231-4.
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