Global regulation of promoter melting in naive lymphocytes.
Global regulation of promoter melting in naive lymphocytes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.033
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发表时间:
2013-05-23
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Casellas R
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kouzine F;Wojtowicz D;Yamane A;Resch W;Kieffer-Kwon KR;Bandle R;Nelson S;Nakahashi H;Awasthi P;Feigenbaum L;Menoni H;Hoeijmakers J;Vermeulen W;Ge H;Przytycka TM;Levens D;Casellas R
Lymphocyte activation is initiated by a global increase in mRNA synthesis. However, the mechanisms driving transcriptome amplification during the immune response are unknown. By monitoring ssDNA genome-wide, we show that the genome of naïve cells is poised for rapid activation. In G0, ~90% of promoters from genes to be expressed in cycling lymphocytes are polymerase-loaded but unmelted and support only basal transcription. Furthermore, the transition from abortive to productive elongation is kinetically limiting causing polymerases to accumulate nearer transcription start sites (TSSs). Resting lymphocytes also limit expression of the TFIIH complex, including XPB and XPD helicases involved in promoter melting and open complex extension. To date, two rate-limiting steps have been shown to control global gene expression in eukaryotes: preinitiation complex assembly and polymerase pausing. Our studies identify promoter melting as a third key regulatory step and propose that this mechanism ensures a prompt lymphocyte response to invading pathogens.
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