The peroxisome: an update on mysteries 3.0.

The peroxisome: an update on mysteries 3.0.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00418-023-02259-5
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发表时间:
2024-02
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
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过氧体是一种高度动态的氧化细胞器,在细胞脂质代谢中具有关键的代谢功能,如脂肪酸的β氧化、髓鞘脂类的合成以及细胞氧化还原平衡的调节。过氧酶体功能的丧失会导致人类严重的代谢紊乱。此外,过氧化物体还在病原体、病毒防御和免疫中发挥保护作用,突出了它们在人类健康和疾病中的更广泛意义。这引发了人们对过氧化物体生物学及其生理功能的日益浓厚的兴趣。这篇综述是对前三篇综述文章的更新和继续,这些文章解决了这个非凡细胞器的未解之谜。我们继续重点介绍过氧酶体研究的最新发现、进展和趋势,并阐述在过氧酶体的代谢功能、生物发生、蛋白质输入、膜动力学和分裂以及在过氧酶体-细胞器膜接触部位和细胞器合作方面的新发现。此外,还讨论了通过超分辨率显微镜对过氧化物体组织的最新见解。最后,我们讨论了过氧化物体在免疫和防御机制以及人类疾病中的新作用,以及不同细胞/组织类型中的过氧化物体功能,特别是它们对器官特异性病理的贡献。
Peroxisomes are highly dynamic, oxidative organelles with key metabolic functions in cellular lipid metabolism, such as the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the synthesis of myelin sheath lipids, as well as the regulation of cellular redox balance. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe metabolic disorders in humans. Furthermore, peroxisomes also fulfil protective roles in pathogen and viral defence and immunity, highlighting their wider significance in human health and disease. This has sparked increasing interest in peroxisome biology and their physiological functions. This review presents an update and a continuation of three previous review articles addressing the unsolved mysteries of this remarkable organelle. We continue to highlight recent discoveries, advancements, and trends in peroxisome research, and address novel findings on the metabolic functions of peroxisomes, their biogenesis, protein import, membrane dynamics and division, as well as on peroxisome–organelle membrane contact sites and organelle cooperation. Furthermore, recent insights into peroxisome organisation through super-resolution microscopy are discussed. Finally, we address new roles for peroxisomes in immune and defence mechanisms and in human disorders, and for peroxisomal functions in different cell/tissue types, in particular their contribution to organ-specific pathologies.
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