Aberrant seed development in Litchi chinensis is associated with the impaired expression of cell wall invertase genes.
Aberrant seed development in Litchi chinensis is associated with the impaired expression of cell wall invertase genes.
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荔枝种子发育异常与细胞壁转化酶基因表达受损有关
DOI：
10.1038/s41438-018-0042-1
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Wang H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang J;Wu Z;Hu F;Liu L;Huang X;Zhao J;Wang H
细胞壁转化酶（CWIN）在种子发育中起着重要作用。然而，迄今为止大多数报道都集中在单个基因家族成员上，并且主要研究了CWIN在种子发育灌浆阶段的功能。在这项研究中，我们发现荔枝品种“诺米慈”的CWIN蛋白水平和与种子流产相关的活性显著降低。我们鉴定了5个荔枝CWIN基因，发现LcCWIN5的表达仅限于花组织，并随着果实的发育而急剧下降。在28 DAA（细胞分裂期）之前沉默LcCWIN5的表达导致液体胚乳发育受到干扰，种子变小，种子败育率升高，而在28 DAA（灌浆期）之后沉默LcCWIN5对种子发育没有影响。相比之下，LcCWIN2主要在珠柄和种皮中表达，并随着果实发育而增加。“飞子小”种子灌浆早期LcCWIN2表达和CWIN活性降低，同时籽粒变小。LcCWIN2基因的沉默导致种子大小减小，但没有导致种子流产。我们认为，在细胞分裂阶段，CWIN在种子母组织中的活性可能与LcCWIN5的表达有关，而LcCWIN5的表达调节了种子的早期发育。另一方面，灌浆期CWIN的活性是由于LcCWIN2的表达，LcCWIN2可能通过形成蔗糖梯度促进碳的进口。在“Nuomici”中检测到的LcCWIN5表达量相当，但CWIN活性低得多，与翻译后调控一致。被称为细胞壁转化酶（CWINs）的基因家族控制着荔枝种子发育的不同阶段，可以用来培育更理想的果实。结实率和种子大小是园艺植物的重要特征，一些作物的种子是重要的食物来源，而许多水果作物则追求无籽或小籽。华南农业大学的赵杰堂和王慧聪领导的研究小组研究了荔枝小种、大种和败育品种的结籽和大小控制基因。他们确定了CWIN家族的5个成员，其中LcCWIN5被证明调节早期种子发育，而另一个LcCWIN2在后期的“种子灌浆”阶段活跃。这些结果有助于开发更具吸引力的小籽或无籽荔枝品种。
Cell wall invertase (CWIN) are known to play important roles in seed development. However, most reports to date have focused on a single gene family member, and have mainly investigated CWIN functions during the filling stage of seed development. In this study, we found significant lower levels of CWIN protein and activity associated with seed abortion in the Litchi chinensis cultivar “Nuomici.” We identified five litchi CWIN genes and observed that the expression of LcCWIN5 was limited to the flower tissues and decreased sharply with fruit development. Silencing of LcCWIN5 expression before 28 DAA (cell division stage) resulted in perturbed liquid endosperm development, smaller seeds, and higher seed abortion rate, while silencing after 28 DAA (filling stage) had no effect on seed development. In contrast, LcCWIN2 was mostly expressed in the funicle and seed coat, and increased with fruit development. Decreased LcCWIN2 expression and CWIN activity during early seed filling coincided with smaller seeds in the cultivar “Feizixiao.” Silencing of LcCWIN2 caused a reduction in the seed size without inducing seed abortion. We propose that CWIN activity in seed maternal tissues during cell division stage is likely due to LcCWIN5 expression, which regulates early seed development. On the other hand, CWIN activity during the filling stage is due to the expression of LcCWIN2, which may promote carbon import by creating a sucrose gradient. Comparable LcCWIN5 expression, but much lower CWIN activity, detected in the funicle of “Nuomici” is consistent with post-translational regulation. A family of genes, known as cell wall invertases (CWINs), control different stages of seed development in litchi, and could be used to breed more desirable fruits. Seed set and seed size are important characteristics of horticultural plants, with the seeds of some crops being significant food sources, while seedlessness or small seededness is sought after in many fruit crops. A team led by Jietang Zhao and Huicong Wang, of South China Agricultural University, studied the genes controlling seed set and size in small-seeded, large-seeded and seed-abortive cultivars of litchi (Litchi chinensis). They identified five members of the CWIN family, of which one, LcCWIN5, was shown to regulate early seed development, while another, LcCWIN2, was active during the later “seed-filling” stage. These results could aid the development of more attractive, small-seeded or seedless varieties of litchi.
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影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Tang X;Su T;Han M;Wei L;Wang W;Yu Z;Xue Y;Wei H;Du Y;Greiner S;Rausch T;Liu L
通讯作者：
Liu L
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Bate, NJ;Niu, XP;Helentjaris, TG
通讯作者：
Helentjaris, TG
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Greiner, S;Krausgrill, S;Rausch, T
通讯作者：
Rausch, T
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Lai B;Li XJ;Hu B;Qin YH;Huang XM;Wang HC;Hu GB
通讯作者：
Hu GB
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Jin, Ye;Ni, Di-An;Ruan, Yong-Ling
通讯作者：
Ruan, Yong-Ling