Lithofacies analysis and economic mineral potential of a braided fluvial succession of NW Himalayan foreland basin Pakistan
Lithofacies analysis and economic mineral potential of a braided fluvial succession of NW Himalayan foreland basin Pakistan
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巴基斯坦喜马拉雅山西北部前陆盆地辫状河流域岩相分析及经济矿产潜力
DOI：
10.1007/s12517-019-4295-2
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nabi Ahmad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ali Abbas;Pan Jiayong;Yan Jie;Nabi Ahmad
本研究描述了详细的岩相分析、粘土矿物学和沉积环境，并强调了中新世晚期至上新世早期Siwalik Dhok Pathan组中期的经济矿产潜力。西瓦利克河流沉积序列是5300米厚的西北喜马拉雅前陆褶皱和冲断带被称为苏格哈尔-辛格尔山脉（SSR）。中Siwalik（Dhok Pathan组）典型地代表了块状砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和粘土岩的周期性交替，呈反复向上变细的节奏，厚度从807米到1540米不等。详细的沉积学调查导致了七个不同的岩相（Gt，圣，Sh，Ss，Sl，Fm和Fl）已沉积砂为主的推移质辫状河系统的识别。Sh相是通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）鉴定的碎屑晶质铀矿。X-射线衍射分析表明，高岭石，蒙脱石（蒙脱石和皂石），伊利石，蛭石，和粘土（斜绿泥石和chamosite）是目前在形成的主要粘土矿物套装。粘土矿物组合的形态是风化产物或源区贡献的指示。没有玻璃碎片和矿物方沸石证明这些蒙皂石族粘土矿物不是来自火山灰的脱玻作用。沉积学分析、矿物学成分和古流向表明，这些沉积物是由NS河流系统沉积的，即现在所知的印度河系统。砂岩和重矿物叠层（黑砂）的稀土元素浓度显示富集铀（662 ppm）、钍（1374 ppm）、La（975 ppm）、Ce（2831 ppm）、Pr（193 ppm）、Nd（746 ppm）、Gd（98 ppm）和Dy（50.8 ppm），这表明该地层具有良好的指示性经济矿物潜力。
This study has described detailed lithofacies analysis, clay mineralogy, and depositional setting, and highlighted economic mineral potential of late Miocene to Early Pliocene mid Siwalik Dhok Pathan Formation. The Siwalik fluvial sedimentary succession is 5300 m thick in the NW Himalayan foreland fold-and-thrust belt known as Surghar-Shingar Range (SSR). The middle Siwalik (Dhok Pathan Formation) typically represents cyclic alternation of massive sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and claystones in repeated fining upward rhythm with varied thicknesses from 807 to 1540 m. Detailed sedimentological investigations resulted in the identification of seven distinct lithofacies (Gt, St, Sh, Ss, Sl, Fm, and Fl) which had been deposited by sand-dominated bed load braided fluvial system. The facies Sh is hosting detrital uraninite identified through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-Ray diffraction analyses revealed that kaolinite, smectite (montmorillonite and saponite), illite, vermiculite, and chlorite (clinochlore and chamosite) are the main clay mineral suits present in the formation. The morphology of clay mineral suits is indicative of weathering products or contribution from the source areas. The absence of glass shards and mineral analcimolite evidenced that these smectite group clay minerals were not derived from the devitrification of volcanic ashes. The sedimentological analysis, mineralogical composition, and paleo-flow directions revealed that these sediments had been deposited by NS fluvial system presently known as Indus River system in this area. The rare earth element concentrations of sandstone and heavy minerals laminations (black sand) show enrichment of uranium (662 ppm), thorium (1374 ppm), La (975 ppm), Ce (2831 ppm), Pr (193 ppm), Nd (746 ppm), Gd (98 ppm), and Dy (50.8 ppm), which specify good indicative economic mineral potential of the formation.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-03237-4
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Miall
通讯作者：
A. Miall
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Fayaz Ali;Muhammad Irfan Khan;Sajjad Ahmad;Gohar Rehman;Ishrat Rehman;T. H. Ali
通讯作者：
Fayaz Ali;Muhammad Irfan Khan;Sajjad Ahmad;Gohar Rehman;Ishrat Rehman;T. H. Ali
DOI：
10.3133/ofr79532
发表时间：
1979
期刊：
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Danilchik;S.M.I. Shah
通讯作者：
W. Danilchik;S.M.I. Shah
DOI：
10.5860/choice.30-1532
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Einsele
通讯作者：
G. Einsele
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Charles S Bristow
通讯作者：
Charles S Bristow