Testing the performance of sodium polytungstate and lithium heteropolytungstate as non-toxic dense media for pollen extraction from lake and peat sediment samples
Testing the performance of sodium polytungstate and lithium heteropolytungstate as non-toxic dense media for pollen extraction from lake and peat sediment samples
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测试多钨酸钠和杂多钨酸锂作为无毒致密介质从湖泊和泥炭沉积物样品中提取花粉的性能
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2018.01.029
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发表时间：
--
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Müller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Müller
孢粉分析是重建过去气候变化、了解史前和早期历史人类与环境相互作用的重要方法之一。每一项基于沉积档案中的化石花粉组合的研究都是从收集样本材料的准备开始的。最广泛使用的浓缩花粉的方案涉及使用几种化学物质，包括氢氟酸(HF)，这对人类健康极其有害。作为HF的替代品，我们测试了使用两种无毒物质聚钨酸钠(SPT)和杂多钨酸锂(LST)进行重介质分离的可靠性。我们的测试基于代表不同古环境档案的五个不同样品，部分揭示了HF处理的样品与SPT和LST处理的样品在统计学上的不一致。在大多数情况下，观察到的SPT和LST样本分类群比例的差异是单向的。一般来说，它们似乎不是特定于花粉分类群的，而是特定于样本的，因此可能与各自研究材料的相关性质有关。然而，样本比较表明，基于SPT的致密介质分离产生的花粉浓缩物在统计上更接近于通过基于HF处理的方案获得的花粉浓缩物。两种方法在花粉浓度方面的差异也被认识到，并总体上支持通过花粉比例比较所表明的致密介质分离性能的样品特有特征。为了验证观察到的花粉比例和浓度的显著差异，并了解控制这些差异的因素，需要在大量测试样本的基础上进行进一步研究。此外，我们还评价了超声辅助细筛对双囊状花粉类型的影响。我们的结果表明，这种常用的去除粘土的方法可能会导致双囊状花粉分裂成体部和球囊，从而使鉴定变得更加复杂。虽然更耗时，但如果初步试验表明，我们建议使用破坏性较小的差速离心法作为替代方法。
Pollen analysis is one of the most important methods to reconstruct past climate change and to understand prehistoric and early historic human-environment interactions. Every study based on fossil pollen assemblages from sedimentary archives starts with the preparation of collected sample material. The most widely employed protocols to concentrate pollen involve the use of several chemicals including hydrofluoric acid (HF), which is extremely hazardous to human health. As an alternative to HF, we have tested the reliability of dense media separation using two non-toxic substances, sodium polytungstate (SPT) and lithium heteropolytungstate (LST). Our test, which is based on five different samples representing different palaeoenvironmental archives partly revealed statistical disagreement between HF-treated samples and those treated by SPT and LST. In most cases, the observed differences in taxa proportions of the SPT and LST samples are unidirectional. In general, they do not appear to be pollen-taxa-specific but sample-specific thus probably linked to properties associated with the respective study material. However, sample comparison indicates that SPT-based dense media separation produces pollen concentrates that are statistically more comparable to those obtained by protocols based on HF-treatment. Discrepancies between both methods were also recognised for pollen concentrations and generally support the sample-specific character of dense media separation performance as suggested by the pollen proportion comparison. To verify the observed significant differences in pollen proportions and concentrations and to understand the factors that control them, further studies based on a larger number of test samples are required. In addition, we evaluated the effect of ultrasonic-aided fine sieving to bi-saccate pollen types. Our results indicate that this commonly used method to remove clays may lead to fragmentation of bi-saccate pollen into corpora and sacci, thus making identification more complicated. Although more time-consuming, we recommend to use less destructive differential centrifugation as an alternative, if indicated by preliminary tests.
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