Borrowing nuclear DNA helicases to protect mitochondrial DNA.

Borrowing nuclear DNA helicases to protect mitochondrial DNA.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms160510870
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发表时间:
2015-05-13
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Liu Y
Liu Y
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ding L;Liu Y

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在正常细胞中,线粒体是产生能量的主要细胞器,这对细胞新陈代谢至关重要。线粒体功能障碍是由线粒体DNA突变或线粒体DNA拷贝数异常引起的,与一系列人类疾病有关,包括阿尔茨海默病、早衰‎和癌症。线粒体DNA驻留在线粒体腔内,它的复制需要线粒体DNA复制解旋酶Twinkle。除了Twinkle,许多由核基因组编码的DNA解旋酶对核基因组的完整性至关重要,它们被运输到线粒体中,也在mtDNA复制和修复中发挥作用。到目前为止,这些解旋酶包括RECQ4(RECQ4)、小体整合频率1(PIF1)、DNA复制解旋酶/核酸酶2(DNA2)和VAR1 3样蛋白抑制因子1(SUV3)。虽然其中一些DNA解旋酶的核功能已经得到了广泛的研究,但它们的线粒体运输的调节以及它们促进线粒体DNA合成和维持的机制在很大程度上仍然不清楚。本文就哺乳动物DNA解旋酶在线粒体基因组维持中的作用及其在线粒体相关疾病中的作用等方面的研究进展作一综述。
In normal cells, mitochondria are the primary organelles that generate energy, which is critical for cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction, caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations or an abnormal mtDNA copy number, is linked to a range of human diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, premature aging‎ and cancer. mtDNA resides in the mitochondrial lumen, and its duplication requires the mtDNA replicative helicase, Twinkle. In addition to Twinkle, many DNA helicases, which are encoded by the nuclear genome and are crucial for nuclear genome integrity, are transported into the mitochondrion to also function in mtDNA replication and repair. To date, these helicases include RecQ-like helicase 4 (RECQ4), petite integration frequency 1 (PIF1), DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2 (DNA2) and suppressor of var1 3-like protein 1 (SUV3). Although the nuclear functions of some of these DNA helicases have been extensively studied, the regulation of their mitochondrial transport and the mechanisms by which they contribute to mtDNA synthesis and maintenance remain largely unknown. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent research progress on the role of mammalian DNA helicases in mitochondrial genome maintenance and the effects on mitochondria-associated diseases.
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