Pollen- and seed-mediated transgene flow in commercial cotton seed production fields.
Pollen- and seed-mediated transgene flow in commercial cotton seed production fields.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0014128
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发表时间：
2010-11-30
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Carrière Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heuberger S;Ellers-Kirk C;Tabashnik BE;Carrière Y
描述转基因作物基因流动的空间模式具有挑战性，因此很难为调节转基因偶然存在的市场设计遏制策略。每年有数百万公顷种植转基因苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）棉花，是转基因流动的潜在来源。在这里，我们监测了15个非Bt棉花（Gossypium hirsutum，L.）种子生产领域（一些转基因的除草剂抗性，一些没有）的Bt棉花cry1Ac转基因的基因流。我们研究了种子介导的基因流，产生外源Bt棉植物，花粉介导的基因流，产生异交种子。空间显式统计分析被用来量化的影响，附近的Bt和非Bt棉田在不同的空间尺度，沿着的影响，传粉者丰富和外源Bt植物在字段中，花粉介导的基因流。从3个制种田的边缘取样，发现15%以上的Bt棉植株因种袋和种植错误而产生不定植株。相比之下，花粉介导的基因流影响不到1%的种子从外地边缘采样。在异交的变化，更好地解释了750米内的种子生产领域的Bt棉的面积比在更大或更小的空间尺度内的Bt棉的面积。异交的变化也与蜜蜂的丰度呈正相关。统计方法的比较表明，我们的空间明确的分析是更强大的理解周围的领域比传统的模型的基础上的距离的影响。鉴于在这项研究中观察到的花粉介导的基因流率低，我们得出结论，仔细种植和筛选种子可能比田间间距更重要的限制基因流。
Characterizing the spatial patterns of gene flow from transgenic crops is challenging, making it difficult to design containment strategies for markets that regulate the adventitious presence of transgenes. Insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton is planted on millions of hectares annually and is a potential source of transgene flow. Here we monitored 15 non-Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, L.) seed production fields (some transgenic for herbicide resistance, some not) for gene flow of the Bt cotton cry1Ac transgene. We investigated seed-mediated gene flow, which yields adventitious Bt cotton plants, and pollen-mediated gene flow, which generates outcrossed seeds. A spatially-explicit statistical analysis was used to quantify the effects of nearby Bt and non-Bt cotton fields at various spatial scales, along with the effects of pollinator abundance and adventitious Bt plants in fields, on pollen-mediated gene flow. Adventitious Bt cotton plants, resulting from seed bags and planting error, comprised over 15% of plants sampled from the edges of three seed production fields. In contrast, pollen-mediated gene flow affected less than 1% of the seed sampled from field edges. Variation in outcrossing was better explained by the area of Bt cotton fields within 750 m of the seed production fields than by the area of Bt cotton within larger or smaller spatial scales. Variation in outcrossing was also positively associated with the abundance of honey bees. A comparison of statistical methods showed that our spatially-explicit analysis was more powerful for understanding the effects of surrounding fields than customary models based on distance. Given the low rates of pollen-mediated gene flow observed in this study, we conclude that careful planting and screening of seeds could be more important than field spacing for limiting gene flow.
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Cresswell, James E.
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