The influence of orthographic depth on multilinguals' neural networks.
The influence of orthographic depth on multilinguals' neural networks.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108095
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发表时间：
2022-01-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Del Tufo SN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen Y;Del Tufo SN
正字法深度，即字素-音素对应的一致性和复杂性，影响着多语言者第一语言和第二语言的大脑激活。本文研究了两组多语者之间的跨语言迁移的内在功能连接性，一组是L2正字法深于L1（S-to-D组），另一组是L2正字法浅于L1（D-to-S组）。在前人研究的基础上，我们重点研究了两个种子区：视觉词形区（VWFA）和左后缘上回（pSMG）。组间比较显示，D-to-S组左侧pSMG与右侧楔前叶/楔叶皮质和右侧SMG/角回之间的连通性更强。此外，我们发现，更大的语言正字法的距离，在正字法的深度不太相似的两种语言，更大的负连接之间的左pSMG和右pSMG，额中回（MFG）和额极，和一个集群，包括额下回（IFG）部分盖，额盖，岛皮质。当语言距离较大时，VWFA和左楔前叶之间的负连接也较大。此外，与只说两种语言的人（双语者）相比，至少说三种语言的多语者（三语者）的左pSMG和右楔前叶之间存在更强的连接性。后续分析显示，这种差异是由D到S三语者比S到D三语者更强的内在连接驱动的。总之，本研究的结果表明，多语者的内在功能连接是由他们的L2相对于L1的正字法深度，以及双语和三语之间的差异。
Orthographic depth, the consistency and complexity of grapheme-phoneme correspondence, influences brain activation in multilinguals’ first (L1) and second language (L2). The intrinsic functional connectivity of cross-language transfer was investigated between two groups of multilinguals, those whose L2 orthography is deeper than their L1 (S-to-D group) and those whose L2 orthography is shallower than their L1 (D-to-S group). Based on previous reports, we focused on two seed regions: the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) and the left posterior supramarginal gyrus (pSMG). Group comparisons revealed stronger connectivity for the D-to-S group between the left pSMG and the right precuneus/cuneal cortex and the right SMG/angular gyrus. Moreover, we found that the greater the linguistic orthographic distance—the less similar in orthographic depth two languages are—the greater the negative connectivity between the left pSMG and the right pSMG, middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and frontal pole, and a cluster that included the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars opercularis, frontal operculum, and insular cortex. When linguistic distance was greater, there was also greater negative connectivity between the VWFA and the left precuneus. Furthermore, stronger connectivity was found between the left pSMG and the right precuneus in multilinguals who spoke at least three languages (trilinguals) compared to those who only spoke two languages (bilinguals). Follow-up analyses revealed that this difference was driven by stronger intrinsic connectivity in D-to-S trilinguals compared to the S-to-D trilinguals. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that multilinguals’ intrinsic functional connectivity is shaped by the orthographic depth of their L2 in relation to L1, as well as differences between bilingualism and trilingualism.
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