Low oxygen response mechanisms in green organisms.

Low oxygen response mechanisms in green organisms.
复制标题

绿色生物的低氧反应机制。

DOI:
10.3390/ijms14034734
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发表时间:
2013-02-27
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Perata P
Perata P
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Banti V;Giuntoli B;Gonzali S;Loreti E;Magneschi L;Novi G;Paparelli E;Parlanti S;Pucciariello C;Santaniello A;Perata P

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低氧胁迫经常发生在绿色生物的生命过程中,主要是由于环境条件影响了氧气的可获得性。植物和藻类都通过重新调整新陈代谢来应对低氧。在大多数生物体中,从线粒体呼吸到发酵是厌氧代谢的标志。这涉及到糖酵解和发酵过程中的碳水化合物代谢。为了协调对低氧的反应,植物利用各种分子机制来感知氧气的缺乏或数量有限。在拟南芥中,最近发现了一个直接的氧感应系统,在这个系统中,一些乙烯反应因子(ERF)上的一个保守的N端基序决定了蛋白质在常氧/低氧条件下的命运。在水稻中,同一组ERF驱动着与所研究的基因相关的不同的生理和解剖修饰。微藻衣藻对低氧的反应似乎是独立于高等植物而进化的,这就提出了发酵代谢是如何调节的问题。在这篇综述中,我们总结了与这些主题相关的最新发现,强调了未来有希望的发展。
Low oxygen stress often occurs during the life of green organisms, mostly due to the environmental conditions affecting oxygen availability. Both plants and algae respond to low oxygen by resetting their metabolism. The shift from mitochondrial respiration to fermentation is the hallmark of anaerobic metabolism in most organisms. This involves a modified carbohydrate metabolism coupled with glycolysis and fermentation. For a coordinated response to low oxygen, plants exploit various molecular mechanisms to sense when oxygen is either absent or in limited amounts. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a direct oxygen sensing system has recently been discovered, where a conserved N-terminal motif on some ethylene responsive factors (ERFs), targets the fate of the protein under normoxia/hypoxia. In Oryza sativa, this same group of ERFs drives physiological and anatomical modifications that vary in relation to the genotype studied. The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii responses to low oxygen seem to have evolved independently of higher plants, posing questions on how the fermentative metabolism is modulated. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings related to these topics, highlighting promising developments for the future.
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