Influenza viruses and the evolution of avian influenza virus H5N1.

Influenza viruses and the evolution of avian influenza virus H5N1.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ijid.2007.07.002
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发表时间:
2008-05
期刊:
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jabr FI
Jabr FI
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Skeik N;Jabr FI

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尽管流感病毒体积小、结构简单,但它是具有高度致突变基因组和广泛抗原多样性的复杂生物体。它们是特定物种的有机体。突变和重组导致了新的病毒,如H5 N1,对抗病毒药物产生了新的耐药性,这可能导致出现一种完全可传播的毒株,就像1957年和1968年的大流行一样。流感病毒不再仅仅是自限性上呼吸道感染的原因; H5 N1禽流感病毒可导致严重的人类感染,死亡率超过50%。H5 N1禽流感感染的病例死亡率是1918年感染的20倍(50%对2.5%),后者在美国造成67.5万人死亡,在全球造成近4000万人死亡。虽然时钟仍然滴答作响,似乎是不可避免的大流行性流感,2007年4月17日,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了第一个针对禽流感病毒H5 N1的疫苗,用于高危人群。然而,需要更多的研究来开发一种更有效和负担得起的疫苗,可以以较低的剂量接种。
Although small in size and simple in structure, influenza viruses are sophisticated organisms with highly mutagenic genomes and wide antigenic diversity. They are species-specific organisms. Mutation and reassortment have resulted in newer viruses such as H5N1, with new resistance against anti-viral medications, and this might lead to the emergence of a fully transmissible strain, as occurred in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. Influenza viruses are no longer just a cause of self-limited upper respiratory tract infections; the H5N1 avian influenza virus can cause severe human infection with a mortality rate exceeding 50%. The case death rate of H5N1 avian influenza infection is 20 times higher than that of the 1918 infection (50% versus 2.5%), which killed 675 000 people in the USA and almost 40 million people worldwide. While the clock is still ticking towards what seems to be inevitable pandemic influenza, on April 17, 2007 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first vaccine against the avian influenza virus H5N1 for humans at high risk. However, more research is needed to develop a more effective and affordable vaccine that can be given at lower doses.
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