An insider's perspective: Bacteroides as a window into the microbiome.

An insider's perspective: Bacteroides as a window into the microbiome.
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DOI:
10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.26
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发表时间:
2017-04-25
影响因子:
28.3
通讯作者:
Goodman AL
Goodman AL
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wexler AG;Goodman AL

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在过去的十年里,我们对肠道微生物(肠道微生物)对人类健康的贡献的认识激增。然而,进展受到这些微生物群落的绝对多样性和复杂性的限制。更复杂的挑战是,我们的大多数肠道微生物不是大肠杆菌或其他模式生物的近亲,并且在实验室中躲避培养和操作。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了如何在一个世纪的研究容易培养,遗传上听话的人类肠道拟杆菌揭示了重要的见解,使肠道细菌的生物化学,基因组学和生态学。虽然基因组和宏基因组序列正在以极快的速度产生,但拟杆菌提供了一个重要的“跳跃开始”,揭示了管理肠道中微生物-宿主和细菌间关联的指导原则,这些原则可能会扩展到这个生态系统的许多其他成员。
Over the last decade, our appreciation for the contribution of resident gut microorganisms—the gut microbiota—to human health has surged. However, progress is limited by the sheer diversity and complexity of these microbial communities. Compounding the challenge, the majority of our commensal microorganisms are not close relatives of Escherichia coli or other model organisms and have eluded culturing and manipulation in the laboratory. In this Review, we discuss how over a century of study of the readily cultured, genetically tractable human gut Bacteroides has revealed important insights into the biochemistry, genomics and ecology that make a gut bacterium a gut bacterium. While genome and metagenome sequences are being produced at breakneck speed, the Bacteroides provide a significant ‘jump-start’ on uncovering the guiding principles that govern microbiota–host and inter-bacterial associations in the gut that will probably extend to many other members of this ecosystem.
肠道共生型细菌的抗菌蛋白具有宿主免疫蛋白的MACPF结构域。
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