RNA contributions to the form and function of biomolecular condensates.
RNA contributions to the form and function of biomolecular condensates.
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RNA对生物分子凝聚物的形式和功能的贡献。
DOI：
10.1038/s41580-020-0264-6
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gladfelter AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roden C;Gladfelter AS
生物分子凝聚分割细胞内容物，在应激反应、维持体内平衡、发育和疾病中发挥重要作用。RNA和RNA结合蛋白（rbp）经过液-液相分离（LLPS）形成许多核和细胞质凝聚体。尽管rbp在凝析油中的作用已经得到了很好的研究，但对RNA在LLPS中的作用却关注较少。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了RNA在生物分子凝聚中的作用，并强调了设计凝聚重构实验的注意事项。我们专注于RNA的性质，如组成，长度，结构，修饰和表达水平。这些性质可以调节天然凝析油的生物物理特征，包括它们的大小、形状、粘度、流动性、表面张力和组成。我们还讨论了RNA -蛋白凝聚体在发育、疾病和体内平衡中的作用，强调了它们的性质和功能是如何由RNA决定的。最后，我们讨论了生物分子凝聚物的多方面功能，包括通过RNA运输和定位的细胞区隔化，支持催化过程，特定分子的储存和遗传，缓冲噪音和响应压力。
Biomolecular condensation partitions cellular contents and has important roles in stress responses, maintaining homeostasis, development and disease. Many nuclear and cytoplasmic condensates form from RNA and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Whereas the role of RBPs in condensates has been well studied, less attention has been paid to the contribution of RNA to LLPS. In this Review, we discuss the role of RNA in biomolecular condensation, and highlight considerations for designing condensate reconstitution experiments. We focus on RNA properties such as composition, length, structure, modifications and expression level. These properties can modulate the biophysical features of native condensates, including their size, shape, viscosity, liquidity, surface tension and composition. We also discuss the role of RNA–protein condensates in development, disease and homeostasis, emphasizing how their properties and function can be determined by RNA. Finally, we discuss the multifaceted functions of biomolecular condensates, including cell compartmentalization through RNA transport and localization, supporting catalytic processes, storage and inheritance of specific molecules, and buffering noise and responding to stress.
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