Epigenetic silencing by SETDB1 suppresses tumour intrinsic immunogenicity.

Epigenetic silencing by SETDB1 suppresses tumour intrinsic immunogenicity.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-021-03520-4
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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表观遗传失调是肿瘤发生的一个定义性特征,与免疫逃逸有关。为了鉴定调节癌细胞免疫敏感性的因素,我们在用免疫检查点阻断(ICB)治疗的小鼠肿瘤模型中进行了靶向936个染色质调节因子的体内CRISPR-Cas9筛选。我们确定了H3 K9-甲基转移酶SETDB 1和HUSH和KAP 1复合物的其他成员作为免疫逃逸的介质。我们还发现人类肿瘤中SETDB 1(1q21.3)的扩增与免疫排斥和ICB抗性相关。SETDB 1抑制广泛的结构域,主要是在开放的基因组区室。这些结构域富含转座因子(TE)和与片段性复制事件相关的免疫簇,片段性复制事件是基因组进化的中心机制。SETDB 1缺失可解除这些区域中潜在的TE衍生调控元件、免疫刺激基因和TE编码的逆转录病毒抗原的抑制,并在体内触发TE特异性细胞毒性T细胞应答。我们的研究将SETDB 1确定为抑制肿瘤内在免疫原性的表观遗传检查点,因此代表了免疫治疗的候选靶点。
Epigenetic dysregulation is a defining feature of tumorigenesis that is implicated in immune escape. To identify factors that modulate the immune sensitivity of cancer cells, we performed in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screens targeting 936 chromatin regulators in mouse tumor models treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We identified the H3K9-methyltransferase SETDB1 and other members of the HUSH and KAP1 complexes as mediators of immune escape. We also found that amplification of SETDB1 (1q21.3) in human tumors is associated with immune exclusion and ICB resistance. SETDB1 represses broad domains, primarily within the open genome compartment. These domains are enriched for transposable elements (TEs) and immune clusters associated with segmental duplication events, a central mechanism of genome evolution. SETDB1 loss derepresses latent TE-derived regulatory elements, immunostimulatory genes, and TE-encoded retroviral antigens in these regions, and triggers TE-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in vivo. Our study establishes SETDB1 as an epigenetic checkpoint that suppresses tumor-intrinsic immunogenicity, and thus represents a candidate target for immunotherapy.
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