A framework for understanding water-related multi-hazards in a sustainable development context

Hazards often do not occur in isolation and, for this reason, a multi-hazard approach is vital in realising their impact and providing solutions for disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. We present a novel framework that emerges from a bibliometric analysis of the multi-hazard literature and a critical appraisal of the existing approaches. It was found that multi-hazard research has expanded greatly over the last 20 years, furthering our understanding of the subject with important applications in risk assessment and management. These studies have contextualised multi-hazards, developed models and frameworks to analyse them, provided case studies to test multi-hazard-based approaches and produced reviews. It was found that landslides and floods are the most frequently co-occurring hazards within the bibliographic dataset, yet understanding of their interactions, hydrometeorological drivers and landscape controls remains poorly conceptualised. Therefore, we propose a new framework for investigating water-related multi-hazards that leverages and synthesises existing methods to address the challenges identified to date. We also find a geographical bias, with less multi-hazard research in lower- and middle-income countries and remote environments due to data scarcity and limited accessibility. Our framework therefore includes the ability to address geographically specific key considerations including available and accessible data, community variability and cross-sectoral collaborations. In doing so it offers guidance on structuring future analyses to improve our understanding of multi-hazards, reduce disaster risk, increase community resilience and make progress towards sustainable development.

灾害往往不是孤立发生的，因此，多灾种方法对于认识其影响以及为减少灾害风险和实现可持续发展提供解决方案至关重要。我们提出了一个新的框架，它源于对多灾种文献的文献计量分析以及对现有方法的批判性评估。研究发现，在过去20年中，多灾种研究有了很大的发展，增进了我们对该主题的理解，并在风险评估和管理方面有重要应用。这些研究对多灾种进行了情境化，开发了分析它们的模型和框架，提供了案例研究来测试基于多灾种的方法，并进行了综述。研究发现，在文献数据集中，滑坡和洪水是最常同时发生的灾害，但对它们的相互作用、水文气象驱动因素和地形控制的理解在概念上仍然很不完善。因此，我们提出了一个研究与水有关的多灾种的新框架，该框架利用并综合了现有方法来应对迄今确定的挑战。我们还发现存在地域偏差，由于数据稀缺和获取受限，中低收入国家和偏远环境的多灾种研究较少。因此，我们的框架具备解决特定地域关键问题的能力，包括可用和可获取的数据、社区差异和跨部门合作。通过这样做，它为构建未来的分析提供了指导，以增进我们对多灾种的理解，降低灾害风险，提高社区的抗灾能力，并朝着可持续发展迈进。