Applying Single-Cell Analysis to Gonadogenesis and DSDs (Disorders/Differences of Sex Development).

Applying Single-Cell Analysis to Gonadogenesis and DSDs (Disorders/Differences of Sex Development).
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms21186614
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发表时间:
2020-09-10
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Smith CA
Smith CA
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Estermann MA;Smith CA

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性腺在人体器官中是独一无二的,因为它有发育的选择:睾丸或卵巢的形成。性腺性分化包括共同的前体细胞,在睾丸形成支持细胞和间质细胞,或在卵巢形成颗粒细胞和膜细胞。单细胞分析现在为这些细胞系是如何指定的,以及它们如何与生殖系相互作用提供了新的线索。这些研究还提供了有关性腺成熟、衰老和体细胞-生殖细胞生态位的新信息。此外,它们有可能提高我们对性发育障碍/性发育差异(DSD)的理解和诊断。当染色体、性腺或解剖性行为不典型时,就会发生DSD。尽管近年来取得了重大进展,但大多数DSD病例仍不能在分子水平上解释。这是一个主要的儿科问题。单细胞基因组学和转录组学的出现为DSD分析、诊断和了解分子遗传学病因学提供了一条新的途径。这样的组学数据集有可能增强我们对DSD的细胞起源和发病机制的理解,以及不育症和性腺疾病(如癌症)的理解。
The gonads are unique among the body’s organs in having a developmental choice: testis or ovary formation. Gonadal sex differentiation involves common progenitor cells that form either Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testis or granulosa and thecal cells in the ovary. Single-cell analysis is now shedding new light on how these cell lineages are specified and how they interact with the germline. Such studies are also providing new information on gonadal maturation, ageing and the somatic-germ cell niche. Furthermore, they have the potential to improve our understanding and diagnosis of Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSDs). DSDs occur when chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex are atypical. Despite major advances in recent years, most cases of DSD still cannot be explained at the molecular level. This presents a major pediatric concern. The emergence of single-cell genomics and transcriptomics now presents a novel avenue for DSD analysis, for both diagnosis and for understanding the molecular genetic etiology. Such -omics datasets have the potential to enhance our understanding of the cellular origins and pathogenesis of DSDs, as well as infertility and gonadal diseases such as cancer.
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