Bidirectional dynamic scaling in an isolated Bose gas far from equilibrium

Bidirectional dynamic scaling in an isolated Bose gas far from equilibrium
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远离平衡的孤立玻色气体中的双向动态缩放

DOI:
10.1038/s41567-020-01114-x
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
19.6
通讯作者:
Glidden J
Glidden J
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Glidden J

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对非平衡多体现象的理解和分类,类似于将物质的平衡态分类为普适类,是物理学中的一个突出问题。从恒星物质到金融市场,任何多体系统都可能以无数种方式失去平衡,其中许多方式很难进行实验。因此,建立适用于不同现象和物理系统的普遍原则是一个主要目标。对于平衡态,在接近相变的系统的自相似空间尺度中看到的普遍性是它们分类的核心。最近的理论工作,-和实验证据表明,孤立的多体系统远离平衡一般表现出动态(时空)自相似缩放,类似于湍流级联和经典表面生长中的家庭Vicsek缩放。在这里,我们观察到一个孤立的淬火冷却原子玻色气体的双向动态缩放;作为气体热化,并进行玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚,它显示了自相似的净流动的粒子朝向红外线(较小的动量)和能量朝向紫外线(较小的长度尺度)。对于红外和紫外动力学,我们发现标度指数是独立的驱动热化的粒子间相互作用的强度。
Understanding and classifying non-equilibrium many-body phenomena, analogously to the classification of equilibrium states of matter into universality classes,, is an outstanding problem in physics. From stellar matter to financial markets, any many-body system can be out of equilibrium in a myriad of ways, and many are difficult to experiment on. It is therefore a major goal to establish universal principles that apply to different phenomena and physical systems. For equilibrium states, the universality seen in the self-similar spatial scaling of systems close to phase transitions lies at the heart of their classification. Recent theoretical work, , , , , , , , , , –and experimental evidence,suggest that isolated many-body systems far from equilibrium generically exhibit dynamic (spatiotemporal) self-similar scaling, akin to turbulent cascades and the Family–Vicsek scaling in classical surface growth,. Here we observe bidirectional dynamic scaling in an isolated quench-cooled atomic Bose gas; as the gas thermalizes and undergoes Bose–Einstein condensation, it shows self-similar net flows of particles towards the infrared (smaller momenta) and energy towards the ultraviolet (smaller length scales). For both infrared and ultraviolet dynamics we find that the scaling exponents are independent of the strength of the interparticle interactions that drive the thermalization.
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