Smooth pursuit eye movements improve temporal resolution for color perception.
Smooth pursuit eye movements improve temporal resolution for color perception.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0011214
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发表时间：
2010-06-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nishida S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Terao M;Watanabe J;Yagi A;Nishida S
当不同的颜色（红色和绿色）快速交替时，人类观察者会看到单一的混合颜色（黄色）。越来越多的证据表明，临界时间频率超过色融合发生并不简单地反映了周边编码的时间限制。然而，人们仍然不太了解中央处理如何控制融合频率。在这里，我们表明，融合频率可以提高视网膜外信号在平滑的追求。这种眼球运动可以将移动目标的图像保持在中央凹中，但它也引入了静止背景图案的向后视网膜扫描。我们发现，当视网膜颜色变化产生的追求引起的背景运动时，比当相同的视网膜颜色变化产生的物体运动在眼睛固定的融合频率更高。这种时间上的改善不能归因于追踪过程中特定神经机制的对比度增益的普遍增加，因为在追踪过程中，在不改变视网膜上的位置的情况下，或者在与背景运动相反的方向上移动的图案闪烁的情况下，没有观察到这种改善。我们的研究结果表明，彩色融合是由皮质机制，抑制运动模糊。一种合理的机制是眼睛运动信号改变时空轨迹，颜色信号沿着该时空轨迹沿着被积分以减少在相同位置处的色度积分（即，沿着静止轨迹）在视网膜上，其通常在注视期间引起视网膜模糊。
Human observers see a single mixed color (yellow) when different colors (red and green) rapidly alternate. Accumulating evidence suggests that the critical temporal frequency beyond which chromatic fusion occurs does not simply reflect the temporal limit of peripheral encoding. However, it remains poorly understood how the central processing controls the fusion frequency. Here we show that the fusion frequency can be elevated by extra-retinal signals during smooth pursuit. This eye movement can keep the image of a moving target in the fovea, but it also introduces a backward retinal sweep of the stationary background pattern. We found that the fusion frequency was higher when retinal color changes were generated by pursuit-induced background motions than when the same retinal color changes were generated by object motions during eye fixation. This temporal improvement cannot be ascribed to a general increase in contrast gain of specific neural mechanisms during pursuit, since the improvement was not observed with a pattern flickering without changing position on the retina or with a pattern moving in the direction opposite to the background motion during pursuit. Our findings indicate that chromatic fusion is controlled by a cortical mechanism that suppresses motion blur. A plausible mechanism is that eye-movement signals change spatiotemporal trajectories along which color signals are integrated so as to reduce chromatic integration at the same locations (i.e., along stationary trajectories) on the retina that normally causes retinal blur during fixation.
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