Cardiac pathology and molecular epidemiology by avian leukosis viruses in Japan.
Cardiac pathology and molecular epidemiology by avian leukosis viruses in Japan.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0086546
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Umemura T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakamura S;Ochiai K;Ochi A;Yabushita H;Abe A;Kishi S;Sunden Y;Umemura T
流行病学研究表明，逆转录病毒，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒1型，与心肌病和心肌炎有关，但因果关系仍有待确定。禽白血病病毒（alv -A）属于逆转录病毒科的阿尔法逆转录病毒属，主要在鸡中引起淋巴样肿瘤，感染该病毒A亚群的日本本土家禽出现心肌细胞异常肥大和有丝分裂。采用组织病理学、免疫组化、病毒分离、病毒基因组测序和实验感染等方法对感染心脏进行评价。18只鸡出现非化脓性心肌炎，其中7只出现心肌细胞异常，主要分布于左心室壁，胞质肥厚，核不典型大。核链和有丝分裂在这些心肌细胞中经常被注意到，增殖细胞核抗原的免疫组织化学支持有丝分裂活性的增强。从所有感染病例中分离到alv， envSU基因系统发育分析显示，分离株主要分为两个不同的聚类，表明病毒基因组具有多样性。在蛋鸡实验中，两种分离物的感染被证明在比预期更短的时间内（70日龄）引起心肌炎和心肌细胞肥大，类似于自然发生的病变和心脏错构瘤（横纹肌瘤）。这些结果表明，alv可引起鸡心肌炎和心肌细胞异常，其致病机制不同于插入突变和逆转录病毒引起的心脏疾病。
Epidemiological studies suggest that retroviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1, are associated with cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, but a causal relationship remains to be established. We encountered unusual cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and mitosis in Japanese native fowls infected with subgroup A of the avian leukosis viruses (ALVs-A), which belong to the genus Alpharetrovirus of the family Retroviridae and mainly induce lymphoid neoplasm in chickens. The affected hearts were evaluated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, viral isolation, viral genome sequencing and experimental infection. There was non-suppurative myocarditis in eighteen fowls and seven of them had abnormal cardiomyocytes, which were distributed predominantly in the left ventricular wall and showed hypertrophic cytoplasm and atypical large nuclei. Nuclear chains and mitosis were frequently noted in these cardiomyocytes and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen supported the enhancement of mitotic activity. ALVs were isolated from all affected cases and phylogenic analysis of envSU genes showed that the isolates were mainly classified into two different clusters, suggesting viral genome diversity. In ovo experimental infection with two of the isolates was demonstrated to cause myocarditis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy similar to those in the naturally occurring lesions and cardiac hamartoma (rhabdomyoma) in a shorter period of time (at 70 days of age) than expected. These results indicate that ALVs cause myocarditis as well as cardiomyocyte abnormality in chickens, implying a pathogenetic mechanism different from insertional mutagenesis and the existence of retrovirus-induced heart disorder.
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2.8
作者：
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