Urban heat stress: novel survey suggests health and fitness as future avenue for research and adaptation strategies
Urban heat stress: novel survey suggests health and fitness as future avenue for research and adaptation strategies
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城市热应激：新调查表明健康和健身是研究和适应策略的未来途径
DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/aa5f35
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
S. Lakes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schuster;Honold;S. Lakes
极端高温对人体健康有巨大的不利影响。由于城市化、人口老龄化和全球变暖，预计热应激将进一步增加。先前的研究已经确定了极端高温与死亡率之间的相关性。然而，潜在的身体、行为、环境和社会风险因素在很大程度上仍然未知，缺乏对个体水平的全面定量调查。我们在德国柏林市进行了一项新的横断面家庭问卷调查，以分析个体热损伤（自我评估和报告的症状）和大量潜在的危险因素。这个独特的数据集（n= 474）允许调查新的关系，特别是健康/健身与城市热应激之间的关系。我们的分析发现了以前未记载的关联，这使我们为未来的研究产生了新的假设：各种健康/健身变量返回了与个体热应激的最强关联。我们的主要假设是，年龄是最常用的风险因素，而健康/健身是最主要的风险因素。相关变量似乎更准确地代表了人类心血管处理高温的能力。其中，积极旅行与减少热应激有关。我们观察到热暴露与个人居住空间的统计关联，但与社区环境无关。热应激研究应采用定量方法进一步探讨热应激的个体危险因素。它应该更多地关注健康和健身，并系统地探索它们在适应战略中的作用。健康和健身降低城市热应激风险的潜力意味着鼓励积极旅行可能是一种有效的适应策略。通过减少城市交通的二氧化碳排放，社会可以通过解决城市热应激的两个根本原因（人口健康和全球变暖）获得双重回报。
Extreme heat has tremendous adverse effects on human health. Heat stress is expected to further increase due to urbanization, an aging population, and global warming. Previous research has identified correlations between extreme heat and mortality. However, the underlying physical, behavioral, environmental, and social risk factors remain largely unknown and comprehensive quantitative investigation on an individual level is lacking. We conducted a new cross-sectional household questionnaire survey to analyze individual heat impairment (self-assessed and reported symptoms) and a large set of potential risk factors in the city of Berlin, Germany. This unique dataset (n= 474) allows for the investigation of new relationships, especially between health/fitness and urban heat stress. Our analysis found previously undocumented associations, leading us to generate new hypotheses for future research: various health/fitness variables returned the strongest associations with individual heat stress. Our primary hypothesis is that age, the most commonly used risk factor, is outperformed by health/fitness as a dominant risk factor. Related variables seem to more accurately represent humans' cardiovascular capacity to handle elevated temperature. Among them, active travel was associated with reduced heat stress. We observed statistical associations for heat exposure regarding the individual living space but not for the neighborhood environment. Heat stress research should further investigate individual risk factors of heat stress using quantitative methodologies. It should focus more on health and fitness and systematically explore their role in adaptation strategies. The potential of health and fitness to reduce urban heat stress risk means that encouraging active travel could be an effective adaptation strategy. Through reduced CO 2 emissions from urban transport, societies could reap double rewards by addressing two root causes of urban heat stress: population health and global warming.
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