Evolutionary genetics of plant adaptation.

Evolutionary genetics of plant adaptation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tig.2011.04.001
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发表时间:
2011-07
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Mitchell-Olds, Thomas
Mitchell-Olds, Thomas
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anderson, Jill T.;Willis, John H.;Mitchell-Olds, Thomas

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植物为研究适应不同环境条件的机制基础和进化过程提供了独特的机会。相辅相成的实验室和野外实验对于检验反映长期生态和进化史的假说很重要。例如,这些方法可以推断局部适应是遗传权衡的结果(拮抗多效性),本地等位基因最适合当地条件,还是局部适应是由许多基因座的条件中性引起的,其中等位基因在一个环境中显示出适应性差异,而不是在相反的环境中。多年生或异交植物自然种群的生态遗传学也可能与模型系统有很大不同。在对植物适应进化遗传学的综述中,我们强调了实地研究对于理解模式和非模式系统进化动态的重要性,强调了一个关键的生活史特征(开花时间),并讨论了新出现的保护问题。
Plants provide unique opportunities to study the mechanistic basis and evolutionary processes of adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Complementary laboratory and field experiments are important for testing hypothesis reflecting long term ecological and evolutionary history. For example, these approaches can infer whether local adaptation results from genetic tradeoffs (antagonistic pleiotropy), where native alleles are best adapted to local conditions, or if local adaptation is caused by conditional neutrality at many loci, where alleles show fitness differences in one environment, but not in the contrasting environment. Ecological genetics in natural populations of perennial or outcrossing plants also may differ substantially from model systems. In this review of the evolutionary genetics of plant adaptation, we emphasize the importance of field studies for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of model and non-model systems, highlight a key life history trait (flowering time), and discuss emerging conservation issues.
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