Pandemic buying: Testing a psychological model of over-purchasing and panic buying using data from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pandemic buying: Testing a psychological model of over-purchasing and panic buying using data from the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0246339
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shevlin M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bentall RP;Lloyd A;Bennett K;McKay R;Mason L;Murphy J;McBride O;Hartman TK;Gibson-Miller J;Levita L;Martinez AP;Stocks TVA;Butter S;Vallières F;Hyland P;Karatzias T;Shevlin M
过度购买和囤积必需品是对危机的常见反应，特别是在通常预期供应充足的发达经济体。在2019冠状病毒病大流行的早期阶段，国际上都观察到了这种行为。在缺乏实际稀缺性的情况下，这种行为可以被描述为“恐慌性购买”，并可能导致暂时的短缺。然而，很少有心理学研究这种现象。在这里，我们提出了一个心理模型的过度购买告知动物觅食理论和预测变量，预测过度购买加剧或减轻未来稀缺的预期。这些变量包括额外的稀缺线索（如收入损失），痛苦（如抑郁），心理因素，提请注意这些线索（如神经质）或放心的消息（如。分析推理）或促进过度购买（例如收入）。我们在英国（UK：N = 2025）和爱尔兰共和国（RoI：N = 1041）对成年普通人群进行的平行全国代表性互联网调查中测试了我们的模型，调查分别在英国和RoI发现首例COVID-19确诊病例后52天和31天进行。大约四分之三的参与者报告了最小的过度购买。有更多的过度购买在ROI与英国和城市与农村地区。当过度购买发生时，在这两个国家，它是在广泛的产品类别中观察到的，并且是由一个潜在因素引起的。家庭收入、孩子在家、心理困扰（抑郁、死亡焦虑）、威胁敏感性（右翼威权主义）和对他人的不信任（偏执狂）都能正向预测死亡。分析推理能力具有抑制效应。预测变量分别占36%和34%的方差在英国和ROI的过度购买。在一些警告的情况下，数据支持我们的模型，并指出了在未来危机中减轻过度购买的策略。
The over-purchasing and hoarding of necessities is a common response to crises, especially in developed economies where there is normally an expectation of plentiful supply. This behaviour was observed internationally during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the absence of actual scarcity, this behaviour can be described as ‘panic buying’ and can lead to temporary shortages. However, there have been few psychological studies of this phenomenon. Here we propose a psychological model of over-purchasing informed by animal foraging theory and make predictions about variables that predict over-purchasing by either exacerbating or mitigating the anticipation of future scarcity. These variables include additional scarcity cues (e.g. loss of income), distress (e.g. depression), psychological factors that draw attention to these cues (e.g. neuroticism) or to reassuring messages (eg. analytical reasoning) or which facilitate over-purchasing (e.g. income). We tested our model in parallel nationally representative internet surveys of the adult general population conducted in the United Kingdom (UK: N = 2025) and the Republic of Ireland (RoI: N = 1041) 52 and 31 days after the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 were detected in the UK and RoI, respectively. About three quarters of participants reported minimal over-purchasing. There was more over-purchasing in RoI vs UK and in urban vs rural areas. When over-purchasing occurred, in both countries it was observed across a wide range of product categories and was accounted for by a single latent factor. It was positively predicted by household income, the presence of children at home, psychological distress (depression, death anxiety), threat sensitivity (right wing authoritarianism) and mistrust of others (paranoia). Analytic reasoning ability had an inhibitory effect. Predictor variables accounted for 36% and 34% of the variance in over-purchasing in the UK and RoI respectively. With some caveats, the data supported our model and points to strategies to mitigate over-purchasing in future crises.
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