The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities.
The pharmacology of amphetamine and methylphenidate: Relevance to the neurobiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001
复制
发表时间：
2018-04
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Faraone SV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faraone SV
精神兴奋剂，包括安非他明和哌醋甲酯，是治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的一线药物。本综述旨在教育医生关于安非他明和哌甲酯之间的药理学和作用机制的差异，从而提高医生对精神兴奋剂及其在管理ADHD患者中的应用的理解，这些患者可能患有共病精神疾病。2017年4月对PubMed进行了系统性文献综述，重点关注安非他明和哌甲酯的细胞和脑系统水平影响。安非他明和哌甲酯的主要药理作用是增加中枢多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的活性，从而影响执行和注意力功能。安非他明的作用包括多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白抑制、囊泡单胺转运蛋白2（VMAT-2）抑制和单胺氧化酶活性抑制。哌甲酯的作用包括多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白抑制、血清素1A型受体的激动剂活性以及VMAT-2的再分布。也有证据表明与谷氨酸和阿片系统的相互作用。这些行动的临床意义与ADHD共病抑郁症，焦虑症，物质使用障碍，睡眠障碍的个人进行了讨论。
Psychostimulants, including amphetamines and methylphenidate, are first-line pharmacotherapies for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aims to educate physicians regarding differences in pharmacology and mechanisms of action between amphetamine and methylphenidate, thus enhancing physician understanding of psychostimulants and their use in managing individuals with ADHD who may have comorbid psychiatric conditions. A systematic literature review of PubMed was conducted in April 2017, focusing on cellular- and brain system–level effects of amphetamine and methylphenidate. The primary pharmacologic effect of both amphetamine and methylphenidate is to increase central dopamine and norepinephrine activity, which impacts executive and attentional function. Amphetamine actions include dopamine and norepinephrine transporter inhibition, vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) inhibition, and monoamine oxidase activity inhibition. Methylphenidate actions include dopamine and norepinephrine transporter inhibition, agonist activity at the serotonin type 1A receptor, and redistribution of the VMAT-2. There is also evidence for interactions with glutamate and opioid systems. Clinical implications of these actions in individuals with ADHD with comorbid depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, and sleep disturbances are discussed.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1097/dbp.0000000000000285
发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
影响因子：
--
作者：
Becker SP;Froehlich TE;Epstein JN
通讯作者：
Epstein JN
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
C치rdenas, L;Houle, S;Busto, UE
通讯作者：
Busto, UE
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Cherkasova, Mariya V.;Faridi, Nazlie;Benkelfat, Chawki
通讯作者：
Benkelfat, Chawki
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Andrews, GD;Lavin, A
通讯作者：
Lavin, A
DOI：
10.1097/00004647-199704000-00009
发表时间：
1997-04-01
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Carson, RE;Breier, A;Eckelman, WC
通讯作者：
Eckelman, WC