Trophic structure of apex fish communities in closed versus leaky lakes of arctic Alaska

Trophic structure of apex fish communities in closed versus leaky lakes of arctic Alaska
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北极阿拉斯加封闭湖与漏湖湖中顶级鱼类群落的营养结构

DOI:
10.1007/s00442-020-04776-9
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Budy, Phaedra
Budy, Phaedra
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Klobucar, Stephen L.;Budy, Phaedra

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尽管物种多样性和初级生产力较低,但营养结构(例如,顶级捕食者物种,捕食者大小)在北极湖泊中的变化令人惊讶。我们调查了营养结构的北极阿拉斯加湖泊含有北极charSalvelinus alpinusususing胃内容物和稳定同位素比在两个地理上接近,但水文不同的湖泊群,以调查这些鱼如何相互作用,并为有限的食物资源竞争。除了不同的湖泊连通模式(“渗漏”与“封闭”),不同的鱼类群落(多达5个物种对只有2个物种)之间的湖泊集群允许我们测试营养假说,包括:(1)北极红点鲑更食鱼,从而增长更大,并获得更高的营养地位,在其他鱼类的存在;(2)在没有其他捕食者存在的情况下,北极红点鲑大小级之间的资源多态性更为突出,因此营养生态位更窄,重叠更少。无论湖泊群,我们观察到很少的直接证据,北极炭消费其他鱼类,但炭较大(平均TL = 468比264毫米)和营养位置较高(平均TP = 4.0比3.8大炭),在湖泊与其他鱼类。此外,炭表现出更少的种内重叠时,其他捕食者的存在,而生态位重叠高达100%,在封闭,炭只有湖泊。作为水文特征(例如,由于气候变化,湖泊连通性,水温)将在整个北极发生变化,我们的研究结果提供了关于鱼类相互作用潜在伴随变化的见解,并增加了我们对湖泊营养结构的理解,以指导管理和保护目标。
Despite low species diversity and primary production, trophic structure (e.g., top predator species, predator size) is surprisingly variable among Arctic lakes. We investigated trophic structure in lakes of arctic Alaska containing arctic charSalvelinus alpinususing stomach contents and stable isotope ratios in two geographically-close but hydrologically-distinct lake clusters to investigate how these fish may interact and compete for limited food resources. Aside from different lake connectivity patterns (‘leaky’ versus ‘closed’), differing fish communities (up to five versus only two species) between lake clusters allowed us to test trophic hypotheses including: (1) arctic char are more piscivorous, and thereby grow larger and obtain higher trophic positions, in the presence of other fish species; and, (2) between arctic char size classes, resource polymorphism is more prominent, and thereby trophic niches are narrower and overlap less, in the absence of other predators. Regardless of lake cluster, we observed little direct evidence of arctic char consuming other fishes, but char were larger (mean TL = 468 vs 264 mm) and trophic position was higher (mean TP = 4.0 vs 3.8 for large char) in lakes with other fishes. Further, char demonstrated less intraspecific overlap when other predators were present whereas niche overlap was up to 100% in closed, char only lakes. As hydrologic characteristics (e.g., lake connectivity, water temperatures) will change across the Arctic owing to climate change, our results provide insight regarding potential concomitant changes to fish interactions and increase our understanding of lake trophic structure to guide management and conservation goals.
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