Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) Assemblages and Environmental Variation along Three Streams Located in the Dry-Hot Valleys of Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China.
Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) Assemblages and Environmental Variation along Three Streams Located in the Dry-Hot Valleys of Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China.
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云南白马雪山干热河谷三条溪流蜉蝣类群落及环境变化
DOI：
10.3390/insects12090775
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发表时间：
2021-08-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Xiao W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Farooq M;Li X;Tan L;Fornacca D;Li Y;Cili N;Tian Z;Yang L;Deng X;Liu S;Xiao W
蜉蝣是山区淡水水体中最敏感的昆虫类群之一，它们面临着不同的环境威胁，导致物种聚集和多样性的丧失。在这项研究中，我们描述了在白马雪山干热河谷，中国的三个不同的溪流蜉蝣群落结构，并评估了环境变化的潜在影响，这一特定的昆虫群体。结果表明，溪流之间的蜉蝣群落结构发生了明显的变化。从研究区域，18个分类群被确定，Baetis sp.和Baetiella marginata是最普遍的。总体而言，Yeri流主办的几个分类群的蜉蝣比其他两个流，表现出最高的物种丰富度和多样性的栖息地。此外，溪流之间的环境异质性很高，这反过来又影响了蜉蝣的种类，特别是在沙荣溪流。正如预期的那样，结果还表明，一些环境因素，如海拔高度，电导率，总溶解固体，水温，溶解硅和pH值解释了物种组成的变化。世界各地的山区淡水生态系统受到一系列人为压力的威胁，导致生境和物种多样性迅速丧失。许多大型无脊椎动物对生境干扰有反应，蜉蝣（蜉蝣目）是最敏感的类群之一。尽管它们容易受到环境偏差的影响，但在偏远地区，关于它们的物种丰富度和多样性的知识仍然是未知的。本研究的目的是（1）调查沿着不同山溪的蜉蝣物种组合和群落组成，并评估潜在的差异，（2）确定环境变化及其对这些淡水系统中蜉蝣群落结构的影响。我们收集了分布在云南西北部白马雪山沿着海拔梯度的35个样点的生物和环境数据。对环境变量和蜉蝣物种组成以及丰富度和多样性指数进行了多变量分析。我们发现，蜉蝣的社区组成是不同的所有三个水道。在鉴定的18个蜉蝣目类群中，Baetis sp.和Baetiella marginata是高度优势种，占各溪流差异的50%以上。在物种组合方面，几乎所有的网站在耶里流托管几个蜉蝣物种的高质量的栖息地，反映了最高的物种丰富度。其次是奔子栏溪，而沙荣溪显示出相对较低的蜉蝣组合。这种变化是由三个水道之间的高度环境异质性解释的。特别是，RDA模型显示，在不同的环境因素分析，海拔高度，电导率，总溶解固体，水温，溶解硅，和pH值解释了物种组成的变化。此外，海拔高度单独解释的变异的17.74%，和深入的分析证实了其对多样性指数的显着影响。进一步的研究应侧重于评估山区淡水生态系统中这一重要昆虫群体所受威胁的程度，特别是土地使用/土地覆盖物改变等人为干扰的影响。
Mayflies are among the most susceptible insect groups in mountain freshwater bodies, where they are facing different environmental threats, resulting in loss of species assemblage and diversity. In this study, we described the structure of the community of mayflies in three different streams in the dry-hot valley of Baima Snow Mountain, China, and assessed the potential effect of environmental variation over this specific group of insects. The results showed clear shifts in the community structure of mayflies between the streams. From the study area, 18 taxa were identified, with Baetis sp. and Baetiella marginata being the most prevalent. Overall, the Yeri stream hosted suitable habitats for several taxa of mayflies than the other two streams, as demonstrated by the highest species richness and diversity. Moreover, there was high environmental heterogeneity between the streams, in turn influencing the species of mayflies, particularly in the Sharong stream. As expected, the results also showed that some of the environmental factors such as altitude, conductivity, total dissolved solids, water temperature, dissolved silicon, and pH explained most of the variation in species composition. Mountain freshwater ecosystems are threatened all over the world by a range of human-induced stresses, ensuing in a rapid loss of habitats and species diversity. Many macroinvertebrates are reactive to habitat disturbance, and mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are amongst the most sensitive groups. Despite they are susceptible to environmental deviation, knowledge concerning their species richness and diversity is still unknown in remote areas. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the mayfly species assemblage and community composition along different mountain streams and assess potential differences, and (2) identify the environmental variation and its influence on the structure of mayfly communities within such freshwater systems. We collected biological and environmental data from 35 sites situated along elevation gradients in the Baima Snow Mountain, northwest Yunnan, China. Multivariate analyses were performed on the environmental variables and the mayfly species composition, as well as on richness and diversity indices. We found that the community composition of mayflies was different across all three watercourses. Among the 18 Ephemeroptera taxa identified, Baetis sp. and Baetiella marginata were highly dominant, accounting for over 50% of the dissimilarity of each stream. In terms of species assemblages, almost all sites in the Yeri stream hosted good-quality habitats for several mayfly species, as reflected by the highest species richness. The Benzilan stream followed, whereas the Sharong stream showed relatively low mayfly assemblage. This variation was explained by the high environmental heterogeneity between the three watercourses. In particular, the RDA model revealed that among the different environmental factors analyzed, altitude, conductivity, total dissolved solids, water temperature, dissolved silicon, and pH explained most of the variation in species composition. Moreover, the altitude alone explained 17.74% of the variation, and in-depth analysis confirmed its significant effect on diversity indices. Further research should focus on evaluating the scale of threats to this important group of insects in the mountain freshwater ecosystem, particularly the impact of human-induced disturbances such as land use/landcover alterations.
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