Terrain-Aware Foot Placement for Bipedal Locomotion Combining Model Predictive Control, Virtual Constraints, and the ALIP

Terrain-Aware Foot Placement for Bipedal Locomotion Combining Model Predictive Control, Virtual Constraints, and the ALIP
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结合模型预测控制、虚拟约束和 ALIP 的双足运动的地形感知足部放置

DOI:
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
arXiv.org
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
J. Grizzle
J. Grizzle
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
G. Gibson;Oluwami Dosunmu;Yukai Gong;J. Grizzle

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- 本文借鉴了双足控制文献中的三个主题,以实现高度敏捷的地形感知运动。通过地形感知,我们的意思是机器人可以使用由最先进的映射和轨迹规划算法提供的地形坡度和摩擦锥信息。该过程从Cassie 3D双足机器人的完整动力学抽象开始,其质心动力学的精确低维表示,由角动量参数化。在分段平面地形假设下,并消除了机器人质心的角动量项,质心动力学成为线性的,并具有四维。质心动力学的四步时域模型预测控制(MPC)提供了一步一步的脚放置命令。重要的是,我们还包括在10毫秒的时间间隔,使现实的地形感知约束机器人的进化可以施加在MPC制定的步骤内的动态。MPC的输出通过虚拟约束的方法直接在Cassie上实现。在实验中,我们验证了我们的控制策略的机器人在倾斜和静止的地形,无论是在室内的跑步机和室外的山上的性能。
—This paper draws upon three themes in the bipedal control literature to achieve highly agile, terrain-aware locomotion. By terrain aware, we mean the robot can use information on terrain slope and friction cone as supplied by state-of-the-art mapping and trajectory planning algorithms. The process starts with abstracting from the full dynamics of a Cassie 3D bipedal robot, an exact low-dimensional representation of its centroidal dynamics, parameterized by angular momentum. Under a piecewise planar terrain assumption, and the elimination of terms for the angular momentum about the robot’s center of mass, the centroidal dynamics become linear and has dimension four. Four-step-horizon model predictive control (MPC) of the centroidal dynamics provides step-to-step foot placement commands. Importantly, we also include the intra-step dynamics at 10 ms intervals so that realistic terrain-aware constraints on robot’s evolution can be imposed in the MPC formulation. The output of the MPC is directly implemented on Cassie through the method of virtual constraints. In experiments, we validate the performance of our control strategy for the robot on inclined and stationary terrain, both indoors on a treadmill and outdoors on a hill.
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