Regulation of paraxis expression and somite formation by ectoderm- and neural tube-derived signals.
Regulation of paraxis expression and somite formation by ectoderm- and neural tube-derived signals.
复制标题
通过外胚层和神经管衍生信号调节旁轴表达和体节形成。
DOI：
10.1006/dbio.1997.8561
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Olson,EN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sosic,D;Brand-Saberi,B;Schmidt,C;Christ,B;Olson,EN
在脊椎动物胚胎发生过程中，近轴中胚层分裂成小体，小体形成成对的上皮球，具有周期性，反映了胚胎的节段组织。随着体体的成熟，腹侧区域产生间充质细胞群，形成轴向骨架。小体的背侧区域仍然是上皮性的，称为皮组织。真皮组织形成躯干和四肢肌肉以及背部的真皮。外轴肌和下轴肌前体可归因于明显的体隔室，这些体隔室是在明显的体隔分化之前形成的。来自神经管、脊索和上覆外胚层的感应信号已被证明是体体进入这些不同室室的模式所必需的。旁轴转录因子是一种基本的螺旋-环-螺旋转录因子，在非分节的旁轴中胚层和整个上皮体中表达，然后局限于真皮组织的上皮细胞。为了确定paraxis是否可能是影响某些细胞模式的感应信号的靶标，我们通过对鸡胚胎进行显微外科手术，研究了轴向结构和表面外胚层对paraxis表达的影响。这些研究揭示了旁轴表达的两个不同阶段，早期阶段在旁轴中胚层，依赖于来自外胚层的信号，独立于神经管，后期阶段由来自外胚层和神经管的冗余信号支持。在旁轴表达失败的实验条件下，来自旁轴中胚层的细胞不能上皮化，体不能形成。我们还在体外进行了联合组织解释的RT-PCR分析，证实表面外胚层足以诱导节段板中胚层paraxis表达。这些结果表明，体体的形成需要来自相邻细胞类型的信号，而副轴对称基因是调节体形成的信号转导途径的靶标。
During vertebrate embryogenesis, the paraxial mesoderm becomes segmented into somites, which form as paired epithelial spheres with a periodicity that reflects the segmental organization of the embryo. As a somite matures, the ventral region gives rise to a mesenchymal cell population, the sclerotome, that forms the axial skeleton. The dorsal region of the somite remains epithelial and is called dermomyotome. The dermomyotome gives rise to the trunk and limb muscle and to the dermis of the back. Epaxial and hypaxial muscle precursors can be attributed to distinct somitic compartments which are laid down prior to overt somite differentiation. Inductive signals from the neural tube, notochord, and overlying ectoderm have been shown to be required for patterning of the somites into these different compartments. Paraxis is a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor expressed in the unsegmented paraxial mesoderm and throughout epithelial somites before becoming restricted to epithelial cells of the dermomyotome. To determine whether paraxis might be a target for inductive signals that influence somite patterning, we examined the influence of axial structures and surface ectoderm on paraxis expression by performing microsurgical operations on chick embryos. These studies revealed two distinct phases of paraxis expression, an early phase in the paraxial mesoderm that is dependent on signals from the ectoderm and independent of the neural tube, and a later phase that is supported by redundant signals from the ectoderm and neural tube. Under experimental conditions in which paraxis failed to be expressed, cells from the paraxial mesoderm failed to epithelialize and somites were not formed. We also performed an RT-PCR analysis of combined tissue explantsin vitroand confirmed that surface ectoderm is sufficient to induce paraxis expression in segmental plate mesoderm. These results demonstrate that somite formation requires signals from adjacent cell types and that theparaxisgene is a target for the signal transduction pathways that regulate somitogenesis.
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