Disturbance has variable effects on the structural complexity of a temperate forest landscape
Disturbance has variable effects on the structural complexity of a temperate forest landscape
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干扰对温带森林景观的结构复杂性有不同的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109004
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Clay, Cameron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gough, Christopher M.;Atkins, Jeff W.;Fahey, Robert T.;Curtis, Peter S.;Bohrer, Gil;Hardiman, Brady S.;Hickey, Laura J.;Nave, Lucas E.;Niedermaier, Kerstin M.;Clay, Cameron
森林冠层结构的时间动态受到干扰的影响，改变植被的数量和分布。虽然冠层结构指标，如叶面积指数（LAI），冠层覆盖，冠层高度已被广泛研究的背景下，干扰，干扰后的时间动态结构的复杂性，总结了植被的异质性安排，知之甚少。为了推进对干扰后结构复杂性的时间动态的概念和经验理解，我们综合了密歇根大学生物站（UMBS）的三个大规模干扰操纵实验的结果：4年的森林恢复力阈值实验（FoRTE）操纵干扰严重程度;十年之久的森林加速演替实验（FASET），其中所有早期演替树种在同一景观中的39公顷范围内进行了茎环化;以及在皆伐采伐后建立的森林时序。我们发现，干扰后冠层结构的时间动态取决于三个因素：（1）干扰的来源和严重程度;（2）空间和时间尺度的分析;（3）结构评估的措施。不像植被面积指数和冠层覆盖，最初减少干扰，结构复杂性措施，如冠层和顶部皱纹没有一贯响应中等水平的干扰严重程度。在几十年的时间尺度上，结构复杂性增加到最大值，无论火灾是否发生在当时的立场建立，但干预低至中度的严重干扰，在重新生长的百年森林改变了轨迹的树冠皱褶。我们的结论是，结构复杂性指标显示出更微妙的时间和方向的干扰比传统的叶面积和覆盖指数的反应。预测什么样的干扰条件修改轨迹的结构复杂性仍然是关键的干扰表征和推断的生态系统功能。
The temporal dynamics of forest canopy structure are influenced by disturbances that alter vegetation quantity and distribution. While canopy structural indicators such as leaf area index (LAI), canopy cover, and canopy height have been widely studied in the context of disturbance, the post-disturbance temporal dynamics of structural complexity, which summarizes the heterogeneity of vegetation arrangement, are poorly understood. With the goal of advancing conceptual and empirical understanding of the temporal dynamics of structural complexity following disturbance, we synthesized results from three large-scale disturbance manipulation experiments at the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS): the 4-year Forest Resilience Threshold Experiment (FoRTE) manipulating levels of disturbance severity; the decade-long Forest Accelerated Succession Experiment (FASET), in which all early successional tree species were stem-girdled within 39 ha in the same landscape; and forest chronosequences established following clear-cut harvesting. We found that the temporal dynamics of canopy structure following disturbance were dependent upon three factors: (1) the source and severity of disturbance; (2) the spatial and temporal scales of analysis; and (3) the measure of structure assessed. Unlike vegetation area index and canopy cover, which initially decreased in response to disturbance, structural complexity measures such as canopy and top rugosity did not consistently respond to moderate levels of disturbance severity. Over multi-decadal timescales, structural complexity increased to a maximum, regardless of whether fire occurred at the time of stand establishment, but intervening low-to-moderate severity disturbance in regrown century-old forests altered trajectories of canopy rugosity. We conclude that structural complexity indicators display a more nuanced temporal and directional response to disturbance than conventional leaf area and cover indexes. Predicting what disturbance conditions modify trajectories of structural complexity remains critical to disturbance characterization and the inference of ecosystem functioning.
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