Comparison of exposure estimation methods for air pollutants: ambient monitoring data and regional air quality simulation.

Comparison of exposure estimation methods for air pollutants: ambient monitoring data and regional air quality simulation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2012.04.008
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发表时间:
2012-07
影响因子:
8.3
通讯作者:
Bell ML
Bell ML
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bravo MA;Fuentes M;Zhang Y;Burr MJ;Bell ML

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空气质量模型有可能改善流行病学研究中使用的暴露估计。我们通过使用社区多尺度空气质量(CMAQ)建模系统和使用环境监测仪的传统方法,估算2002年美国东部空气动力学直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物(PM2.5)和臭氧(O3)的特定位置(点)和空间聚集(县级)暴露浓度,研究了空气质量模型的应用。这种监测方法分别对370个县和454个县的PM2.5和O3进行了估算。模型估计包括了1861个县,覆盖了50%以上的人口。监测仪所发现的人口不同于监测仪附近的人口(如城市化、种族、教育、年龄、失业、收入、模拟污染物水平)。CMAQ高估了O3(年标准化平均偏差= 4.30%),而模拟PM2.5的年标准化平均偏差为- 2.09%,尽管偏差随季节变化,从11月的32%到7月的- 27%。流行病学可能受益于空气质量建模,因为它可以提高空间和时间分辨率,并能够研究远离监测点的人群,而这些人群可能与靠近监测点的人群不同。然而,模型的性能随性能、季节和地点的不同而变化。因此,在健康研究中使用这种模型暴露的适当性取决于污染物和关注的度量、可接受的不确定性水平、感兴趣的人群、研究设计和其他因素。
Air quality modeling could potentially improve exposure estimates for use in epidemiological studies. We investigated this application of air quality modeling by estimating location-specific (point) and spatially-aggregated (county level) exposure concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) for the eastern U.S. in 2002 using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system and a traditional approach using ambient monitors. The monitoring approach produced estimates for 370 and 454 counties for PM2.5 and O3, respectively. Modeled estimates included 1861 counties, covering 50% more population. The population uncovered by monitors differed from those near monitors (e.g., urbanicity, race, education, age, unemployment, income, modeled pollutant levels). CMAQ overestimated O3 (annual normalized mean bias = 4.30%), while modeled PM2.5 had an annual normalized mean bias of −2.09%, although bias varied seasonally, from 32% in November to −27% in July. Epidemiology may benefit from air quality modeling, with improved spatial and temporal resolution and the ability to study populations far from monitors that may differ from those near monitors. However, model performance varied by measure of performance, season, and location. Thus, the appropriateness of using such modeled exposures in health studies depends on the pollutant and metric of concern, acceptable level of uncertainty, population of interest, study design, and other factors.
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