Spatial and temporal variation in PM(2.5) chemical composition in the United States for health effects studies.
Spatial and temporal variation in PM(2.5) chemical composition in the United States for health effects studies.
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美国健康效应研究中PM（2.5）化学成分的空间和时间变化。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9621
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发表时间：
2007-07
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Samet JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bell ML;Dominici F;Ebisu K;Zeger SL;Samet JM
虽然许多研究已经证明了颗粒物(PM)和有害健康影响之间的联系，但PM混合物中导致伤害的化学成分尚不清楚。这项工作描述了美国PM2.5(空气动力学直径为2.5μm的PM)成分的空间和时间变化；我们的目标是确定流行病学研究中用于评估的成分。我们构建了一个数据库，其中包含美国187个县在2000-2005年间的52种PM2.5组分浓度。首先，我们描述了分析国家PM2.5化学成分数据库所固有的挑战。其次，我们确定了对PM2.5总质量有很大贡献和/或与之共同变化的成分。第三，我们描述了目标组成部分的季节和区域变异性。PM2.5的化学成分存在强烈的季节和地理变化。在52个组分中，只有7个组分的≥占年或季节平均值的1%[氨(NH_4+)、元素碳(EC)、有机碳(OC)、硝酸盐(NO_3-−)、硅、钠(Na+)和硫酸盐(−)]。与PM2.5总质量的相关性最强的是NH4+(年)、有机碳(尤其是冬季)、NO3−(冬季)和SO42−(年、春、秋、夏)，其中夏季NH4+和SO42−的相关性尤其强。根据每日剔除趋势的数据，与PM2.5总质量共同变化的成分是NH4+、SO42−、OCM、No32−、溴和EC。应进一步调查已确定的PM2.5组分的子集，以确定它们的日变化是否与健康指标的日变化有关，以及它们的季节和区域模式是否可以解释PM10(空气动力学直径为10μm的PM)和PM2.5健康风险的季节性和地区性异质性。
Although numerous studies have demonstrated links between particulate matter (PM) and adverse health effects, the chemical components of the PM mixture that cause injury are unknown. This work characterizes spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) components in the United States; our objective is to identify components for assessment in epidemiologic studies. We constructed a database of 52 PM2.5 component concentrations for 187 U.S. counties for 2000–2005. First, we describe the challenges inherent to analysis of a national PM2.5 chemical composition database. Second, we identify components that contribute substantially to and/or co-vary with PM2.5 total mass. Third, we characterize the seasonal and regional variability of targeted components. Strong seasonal and geographic variations in PM2.5 chemical composition are identified. Only seven of the 52 components contributed ≥ 1% to total mass for yearly or seasonal averages [ammonium (NH4+), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon matter (OCM), nitrate (NO3−), silicon, sodium (Na+), and sulfate (SO42−)]. Strongest correlations with PM2.5 total mass were with NH4+ (yearly), OCM (especially winter), NO3− (winter), and SO42− (yearly, spring, autumn, and summer), with particularly strong correlations for NH4+ and SO42− in summer. Components that co-varied with PM2.5 total mass, based on daily detrended data, were NH4+, SO42−, OCM, NO32−, bromine, and EC. The subset of identified PM2.5 components should be investigated further to determine whether their daily variation is associated with daily variation of health indicators, and whether their seasonal and regional patterns can explain the seasonal and regional heterogeneity in PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm) and PM2.5 health risks.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500464
发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
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作者：
Ito, Kazuhiko;Christensen, William F.;Thurston, George D.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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