ATAC-STARR-seq reveals transcription factor-bound activators and silencers within chromatin-accessible regions of the human genome.

ATAC-STARR-seq reveals transcription factor-bound activators and silencers within chromatin-accessible regions of the human genome.
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DOI:
10.1101/gr.276766.122
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发表时间:
2022-08-25
期刊:
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Hodges, Emily
Hodges, Emily
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hansen, Tyler J.;Hodges, Emily

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大规模并行报告基因检测 (MPRA) 测试假定的基因调控元件在全基因组范围内驱动转录的能力。大多数基因调控活性发生在可及染色质内,最近描述的方法将捕获这些区域的测定法(例如使用测序对转座酶可及染色质进行测定(ATAC-seq))与自转录活性调控区测序(STARR-seq)相结合,以选择性测定可及 DNA 的调控潜力(ATAC-STARR-seq)。在这里,我们报告了一种综合方法,该方法使用 ATAC-STARR-seq 通过一次测定来量化激活和沉默调节活性、染色质可及性和转录因子 (TF) 占用率。我们的策略,包括对 ATAC-STARR-seq 检测和工作流程的重要更新,能够对人类淋巴母细胞中约 5000 万个独特的 DNA 片段进行高分辨率测试,这些片段覆盖约 101,000 个可访问的染色质区域。我们发现 30% 的可访问区域包含激活器、消音器或两者兼而有之。尽管很少有 MPRA 研究探索沉默活性,但我们证明沉默子以与激活子相似的频率发生,并且它们代表了富含独特 TF 基序和抑制性组蛋白修饰的独特功能组。我们进一步表明,与标准 ATAC-seq 相比,ATAC-STARR 质粒库中保留了 Tn5 切割位点频率,从而能够从 ATAC-STARR 数据中确定 TF 占用率。通过这种方法,我们发现激活子和沉默子通过不同的 TF 足迹组合聚集在一起,并且这些活性组代表了免疫细胞功能的不同基因调控网络。总而言之,这些数据凸显了 ATAC-STARR-seq 的多层能力,可以从单一 DNA 片段来源全面研究人类基因组的调控格局。
Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) test the capacity of putative gene regulatory elements to drive transcription on a genome-wide scale. Most gene regulatory activity occurs within accessible chromatin, and recently described methods have combined assays that capture these regions—such as assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq)—with self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) to selectively assay the regulatory potential of accessible DNA (ATAC-STARR-seq). Here, we report an integrated approach that quantifies activating and silencing regulatory activity, chromatin accessibility, and transcription factor (TF) occupancy with one assay using ATAC-STARR-seq. Our strategy, including important updates to the ATAC-STARR-seq assay and workflow, enabled high-resolution testing of ∼50 million unique DNA fragments tiling ∼101,000 accessible chromatin regions in human lymphoblastoid cells. We discovered that 30% of all accessible regions contain an activator, a silencer, or both. Although few MPRA studies have explored silencing activity, we demonstrate that silencers occur at similar frequencies to activators, and they represent a distinct functional group enriched for unique TF motifs and repressive histone modifications. We further show that Tn5 cut-site frequencies are retained in the ATAC-STARR plasmid library compared to standard ATAC-seq, enabling TF occupancy to be ascertained from ATAC-STARR data. With this approach, we found that activators and silencers cluster by distinct TF footprint combinations, and these groups of activity represent different gene regulatory networks of immune cell function. Altogether, these data highlight the multilayered capabilities of ATAC-STARR-seq to comprehensively investigate the regulatory landscape of the human genome all from a single DNA fragment source.
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