Differences in the neural mechanisms of selective attention in children from different socioeconomic backgrounds: an event-related brain potential study.
Differences in the neural mechanisms of selective attention in children from different socioeconomic backgrounds: an event-related brain potential study.
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来自不同社会经济背景的儿童选择性注意的神经机制的差异：一项与事件相关的大脑潜力研究。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00807.x
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Neville,Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stevens,Courtney;Lauinger,Brittni;Neville,Helen
先前的研究表明，来自较低社会经济背景的儿童在注意力方面表现出缺陷，包括过滤无关信息和抑制优势反应的能力降低。然而，对注意力群体差异的神经机制知之甚少，这可能揭示注意力缺陷出现的加工阶段。本研究使用选择性听觉注意的事件相关脑电位（ERP）测量来检查这个问题。32名3至8岁的儿童参与了这项研究。孩子们被提示有选择地参加两个同时呈现的叙事故事之一。这些故事在地点（左/右扬声器）、叙述声音（男/女）和内容上都有差异。ERPs被记录到嵌入在有人参与和无人参与的故事中的语言和非语言探测刺激。母亲受教育程度较低（没有大学经历）的孩子，相对于母亲受教育程度较高（至少上过一些大学）的孩子，选择性注意对神经处理的影响较小。这些差异发生在探头启动后100毫秒。此外，这些差异特别与母亲受教育程度较低的儿童过滤无关信息的能力降低有关（即抑制对无人值守通道中声音的反应）。这些数据为不同社会经济背景的儿童在调节选择性注意的神经系统内的最早阶段的处理差异提供了直接证据。结果进行了讨论的背景下，旨在提高注意力和自我调节能力的儿童在学校失败的风险的干预计划。
Previous research indicates that children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds show deficits in aspects of attention, including a reduced ability to filter irrelevant information and to suppress prepotent responses. However, less is known about the neural mechanisms of group differences in attention, which could reveal the stages of processing at which attention deficits arise. The present study examined this question using an event‐related brain potential (ERP) measure of selective auditory attention. Thirty‐two children aged from 3 to 8 years participated in the study. Children were cued to attend selectively to one of two simultaneously presented narrative stories. The stories differed in location (left/right speaker), narration voice (male/female), and content. ERPs were recorded to linguistic and non‐linguistic probe stimuli embedded in the attended and unattended stories. Children whose mothers had lower levels of educational attainment (no college experience) showed reduced effects of selective attention on neural processing relative to children whose mothers had higher levels of educational attainment (at least some college). These differences occurred by 100 milliseconds after probe onset. Furthermore, the differences were related specifically to a reduced ability to filter irrelevant information (i.e. to suppress the response to sounds in the unattended channel) among children whose mothers had lower levels of education. These data provide direct evidence for differences in the earliest stages of processing within neural systems mediating selective attention in children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Results are discussed in the context of intervention programs aimed at improving attention and self‐regulation abilities in children at‐risk for school failure.
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