Epigenetic control of embryonic stem cell fate.

Epigenetic control of embryonic stem cell fate.
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DOI:
10.1084/jem.20101438
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发表时间:
2010-10-25
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Helin K
Helin K
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Christophersen NS;Helin K

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在胚胎干细胞中,染色质修饰的改变会影响自我更新和分化之间的平衡。胚胎干(ES)细胞源自植入前胚胎的内部细胞团,并且是多能的,因为它们能够分化成成体生物体的所有细胞类型。一旦建立,多能 ES 细胞可以在规定的培养条件下维持,但也可以被快速诱导分化。保持稳定性与可塑性之间的平衡是一个挑战,近年来的广泛研究集中在了解转录因子和表观遗传酶对这些细胞的“干性”特性的贡献。识别调节 ES 细胞自我更新与分化的分子开关可以深入了解多能状态的本质,并增强这些细胞在治疗应用中的潜在用途。在这里,我们回顾了染色质甲基化的变化如何调节 ES 细胞命运的最新模型,重点关注两个主要的抑制途径:多梳组 (PcG) 抑制复合物和启动子 DNA 甲基化。
In embryonic stem cells, alterations in chromatin modifications influence the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo and are pluripotent, as they are able to differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism. Once established, the pluripotent ES cells can be maintained under defined culture conditions, but can also be induced rapidly to differentiate. Maintaining this balance of stability versus plasticity is a challenge, and extensive studies in recent years have focused on understanding the contributions of transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes to the “stemness” properties of these cells. Identifying the molecular switches that regulate ES cell self-renewal versus differentiation can provide insights into the nature of the pluripotent state and enhance the potential use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Here, we review the latest models for how changes in chromatin methylation can modulate ES cell fate, focusing on two major repressive pathways, Polycomb group (PcG) repressive complexes and promoter DNA methylation.
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