Ocean acidification affects prey detection by a predatory reef fish.
Ocean acidification affects prey detection by a predatory reef fish.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0022736
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McCormick MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cripps IL;Munday PL;McCormick MI
海洋中二氧化碳水平升高引起的嗅觉介导的行为变化可能会影响珊瑚礁鱼类种群的招聘，因为幼鱼变得更容易被捕食。然而，目前尚不清楚二氧化碳浓度升高将如何影响捕食者-猎物相互作用的另一个关键部分-捕食者。我们研究了CO2浓度升高和pH值降低对嗅觉偏好，活动水平和摄食行为的一个共同的珊瑚礁中型捕食者，棕色dottyback（Pseudochromis fuscus）的影响。根据气候变化预测，捕食者暴露于当前的二氧化碳水平或可能在2100年发生的两种升高的二氧化碳水平之一（10600 µatm或10950 µatm）。暴露于升高的CO2和降低的pH值引起的转变，从偏好到避免受伤的猎物的气味，与CO2处理的捕食者花费约20%的时间在水流中含有猎物的气味相比，控制。此外，鱼的活动水平较高，在高CO2治疗和摄食活动较低的鱼在中等CO2治疗，表明未来的条件可能会降低鱼的能力，迅速响应食品供应的波动。然而，在高CO2处理的捕食者的活动水平升高，可以补偿嗅觉能力降低，因为更大的运动促进视觉检测的食物。我们的研究结果表明，至少对于迄今为止测试的物种来说，捕食者-猎物关系中的双方都可能受到海洋酸化的影响。虽然嗅觉介导的行为的捕食者的损害可能会减少捕食仔鱼的风险，所观察到的影响的幅度升高CO2酸化似乎是更戏剧性的猎物相比，捕食者。因此，捕食者行为的改变不太可能足以完全补偿海洋酸化对猎物死亡率的影响。
Changes in olfactory-mediated behaviour caused by elevated CO2 levels in the ocean could affect recruitment to reef fish populations because larval fish become more vulnerable to predation. However, it is currently unclear how elevated CO2 will impact the other key part of the predator-prey interaction – the predators. We investigated the effects of elevated CO2 and reduced pH on olfactory preferences, activity levels and feeding behaviour of a common coral reef meso-predator, the brown dottyback (Pseudochromis fuscus). Predators were exposed to either current-day CO2 levels or one of two elevated CO2 levels (∼600 µatm or ∼950 µatm) that may occur by 2100 according to climate change predictions. Exposure to elevated CO2 and reduced pH caused a shift from preference to avoidance of the smell of injured prey, with CO2 treated predators spending approximately 20% less time in a water stream containing prey odour compared with controls. Furthermore, activity levels of fish was higher in the high CO2 treatment and feeding activity was lower for fish in the mid CO2 treatment; indicating that future conditions may potentially reduce the ability of the fish to respond rapidly to fluctuations in food availability. Elevated activity levels of predators in the high CO2 treatment, however, may compensate for reduced olfactory ability, as greater movement facilitated visual detection of food. Our findings show that, at least for the species tested to date, both parties in the predator-prey relationship may be affected by ocean acidification. Although impairment of olfactory-mediated behaviour of predators might reduce the risk of predation for larval fishes, the magnitude of the observed effects of elevated CO2 acidification appear to be more dramatic for prey compared to predators. Thus, it is unlikely that the altered behaviour of predators is sufficient to fully compensate for the effects of ocean acidification on prey mortality.
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