Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the United States.
Potential Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Filtration to Address Risks to Drinking Water in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1177/1178630217746997
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
MacIntosh DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown KW;Gessesse B;Butler LJ;MacIntosh DL
许多当代事件表明，传统的城市自来水控制战略在减少接触来自分配系统的化学品（如铅）和无法通过标准处理技术去除的化学品（如全氟辛酸/全氟辛烷磺酸）方面能力有限。在这些情况下，使用点（POU）控制可能是有效的减少接触和管理饮用水中的化学品的健康风险，但其潜在的效用尚未得到广泛的研究。作为填补这一信息空白的初步努力，我们对POU饮用水处理技术在减少美国自来水中常见的化学污染物方面的有效性的现有文献和数据进行了严格的审查和分析。我们发现，美国消费者可用的许多类型的水处理设备都经过了实验室测试，并且通常经过了去除自来水中化学污染物的认证，但在大多数情况下，它们在实际使用中的功效尚未得到很好的表征。此外，对POU器械在“使用中”的少数研究关注《安全饮用水法案》规定的传统污染物，但通常不考虑非传统污染物，如某些新型人类致癌物、工业化学品、杀虫剂、药品、个人护理产品和阻燃剂。尽管如此，目前有限的信息表明，POU装置在应急使用和应对污染事件时可以非常有效。基于这些发现，我们确定了未来的研究领域，以评估POU过滤器的能力，以减少通过公共供水系统和私人威尔斯分布的健康相关的化学污染物。
Numerous contemporary incidents demonstrate that conventional control strategies for municipal tap water have limited ability to mitigate exposures to chemicals whose sources are within distribution systems, such as lead, and chemicals that are not removed by standard treatment technologies, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)/perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). In these situations, point-of-use (POU) controls may be effective in mitigating exposures and managing health risks of chemicals in drinking water, but their potential utility has not been extensively examined. As an initial effort to fill this information gap, we conducted a critical review and analysis of the existing literature and data on the effectiveness of POU drinking water treatment technologies for reducing chemical contaminants commonly found in tap water in the United States. We found that many types of water treatment devices available to consumers in the United States have undergone laboratory testing and often certification for removal of chemical contaminants in tap water, but in most cases their efficacy in actual use has yet to be well characterized. In addition, the few studies of POU devices while “in use” focus on traditional contaminants regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act, but do not generally consider nontraditional contaminants of concern, such as certain novel human carcinogens, industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and flame retardants. Nevertheless, the limited information available at present suggests that POU devices can be highly effective when used prophylactically and when deployed in response to contamination incidents. Based on these findings, we identify future areas of research for assessing the ability of POU filters to reduce health-related chemical contaminants distributed through public water systems and private wells.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.004
发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Glassmeyer ST;Furlong ET;Kolpin DW;Batt AL;Benson R;Boone JS;Conerly O;Donohue MJ;King DN;Kostich MS;Mash HE;Pfaller SL;Schenck KM;Simmons JE;Varughese EA;Vesper SJ;Villegas EN;Wilson VS
通讯作者：
Wilson VS
影响因子：
12.8
作者：
Leuesque, Steuen;Rodriguez, Manuel J.;Proulx, Francois
通讯作者：
Proulx, Francois
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Hoffman K;Webster TF;Bartell SM;Weisskopf MG;Fletcher T;Vieira VM
通讯作者：
Vieira VM
DOI：
10.1038/jes.2012.129
发表时间：
2014-03
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
10.9
作者：
Hu, Xindi C.;Andrews, David Q.;Lindstrom, Andrew B.;Bruton, Thomas A.;Schaider, Laurel A.;Grandjean, Philippe;Lohmann, Rainer;Carignan, Courtney C.;Blum, Arlene;Balan, Simona A.;Higgins, Christopher P.;Sunderland, Elsie M.
通讯作者：
Sunderland, Elsie M.