Executive and perceptual distraction in visual working memory.
Executive and perceptual distraction in visual working memory.
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DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000413
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hitch GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allen RJ;Baddeley AD;Hitch GJ
视觉工作记忆的内容可能反映了执行控制资源和环境信息的影响。我们通过将同时存在的可能分散注意力的无关项目引入视觉工作记忆范式，并使用简单或更高要求的次要言语任务来操纵执行负荷，研究了执行注意力是否对于排除不想要的刺激的能力至关重要。在7个实验不同的演示格式，时间，刺激集，和分心数量，我们观察到明确的破坏性影响的执行负荷和视觉分心，但相对较少的证据支持这些因素之间的互动关系。这些发现与最近使用延迟干扰的证据一致，并表明不同形式的注意选择在视觉工作记忆中相对独立地运作。这项研究表明，编码和暂时持有视觉信息的能力取决于如何积极（执行）的注意力控制分配，以及是否有（知觉）分散刺激存在于视觉环境。在七个实验中，当参与者同时执行更高要求的任务时，以及当要记住的目标伴随着额外的无关项目时，记忆准确性总是会降低。这两种形式的注意力干扰似乎具有相对不同的影响，表明当我们的执行注意力被其他任务占据时，我们不一定会变得更容易受到知觉分心的影响。这项工作为当前关于工作记忆和注意力如何相互作用的争论提供了新的见解。
The contents of visual working memory are likely to reflect the influence of both executive control resources and information present in the environment. We investigated whether executive attention is critical in the ability to exclude unwanted stimuli by introducing concurrent potentially distracting irrelevant items to a visual working memory paradigm, and manipulating executive load using simple or more demanding secondary verbal tasks. Across 7 experiments varying in presentation format, timing, stimulus set, and distractor number, we observed clear disruptive effects of executive load and visual distraction, but relatively minimal evidence supporting an interactive relationship between these factors. These findings are in line with recent evidence using delay-based interference, and suggest that different forms of attentional selection operate relatively independently in visual working memory. This study demonstrates that the ability to encode and temporarily hold visual information depends both on how active (executive) attentional control is allocated, and whether there are (perceptual) distracting stimuli present in the visual environment. Across seven experiments, memory accuracy was always reduced when participants performed a more demanding task at the same time, and when to-be-remembered targets were accompanied by additional irrelevant items. These two forms of attentional interference appear to have relatively distinct impacts, indicating that we do not necessarily become more vulnerable to perceptual distraction when our executive attention is preoccupied by other tasks. This work provides new insights for the current debate on how working memory and attention might interact.
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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