With a flick of the lid: a novel trapping mechanism in Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plants.
With a flick of the lid: a novel trapping mechanism in Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plants.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0038951
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Federle W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauer U;Di Giusto B;Skepper J;Grafe TU;Federle W
肉食性猪笼草使用不同的机制捕捉猎物，包括改良的树叶(猪笼子)，使用不同的机制，如在潮湿的罐子边缘进行昆虫滑行，在罐子内壁放置光滑的蜡晶，以及粘弹性保持液。在这里，我们描述了一种新的诱捕机制，它在猪笼盖的底部进化出了一种独特的、半滑的蜡晶表面，并利用雨滴的影响将昆虫“弹”进捕捉器。根据实验条件(模拟“雨”、“雨后湿”或干燥)，昆虫分别主要通过盖子、蠕虫或内罐壁捕获。在下盖表面涂上防滑涂层减少了野外捕获猎物的次数。与同域菜蛾相比，细毛夜蛾在盖子下分泌的花蜜较多，而在口盖上分泌的花蜜较少，从而将猎物主要指向盖子。对猎物捕获的直接贡献代表了水壶盖的一种新功能。
Carnivorous pitcher plants capture prey with modified leaves (pitchers), using diverse mechanisms such as ‘insect aquaplaning’ on the wet pitcher rim, slippery wax crystals on the inner pitcher wall, and viscoelastic retentive fluids. Here we describe a new trapping mechanism for Nepenthes gracilis which has evolved a unique, semi-slippery wax crystal surface on the underside of the pitcher lid and utilises the impact of rain drops to ‘flick’ insects into the trap. Depending on the experimental conditions (simulated ‘rain’, wet after ‘rain’, or dry), insects were captured mainly by the lid, the peristome, or the inner pitcher wall, respectively. The application of an anti-slip coating to the lower lid surface reduced prey capture in the field. Compared to sympatric N. rafflesiana, N. gracilis pitchers secreted more nectar under the lid and less on the peristome, thereby directing prey mainly towards the lid. The direct contribution to prey capture represents a novel function of the pitcher lid.
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