Less-than-human geographies

Less-than-human geographies
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缺乏人文地理

DOI:
10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.11.014
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Philo C
Philo C
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Philo C

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天寒地冻,雪覆盖了一切:犹太人,冷到骨子里,匆匆赶往选择点,希望尽快离开营地。他们被装上由乌克兰司机驾驶的卡车;他们的物品被分别堆在其他车辆上。然后,他们被护送到罗根,一个城市的偏远郊区,并在巴尔基,我们的测量员选择的峡谷拍摄。他们的物品被带到仓库进行分类,然后分发到德意志联邦共和国。就这样,每天都有一小群人把营地清空。就在新年前,我去参加了一次处决。鲜血飞溅在雪地上,流入峡谷底部,在地面上铺成一滩滩,被寒冷凝固,没有凝固,而是凝固,粘稠。四周,灰色的、枯死的向日葵茎点缀着白色的田野。所有的声音,甚至喊叫声和枪声,都被压制了;脚下的雪嘎吱作响。一切都是白色的,可怕的白色,除了血染一切,雪,男人,我的外套。天空中,大群的野鸭平静地向南飞去。(Littell,2010年:176)我几乎是随机地从乔纳森·利特尔的975页史诗小说《善良的人》(最初是利特尔,2006年)中摘录了这段话。它讲述了纳粹党卫军情报官员马克斯·奥厄的战时经历,他在东线、斯大林格勒围城、死亡集中营的运作和柏林的陷落之间游走,这有点令人难以置信。Aue并没有为自己的参与找借口,也没有否认自己的罪行,而是努力将自己的经历置于语境中:事实上,他坚持不懈地将所目睹的时间、地点和事件以及他自己的行为置于语境中,通过大量关于无数材料的细节,人类和非人类,个性和机器,心理学和生态学,这些都是他战争的素材。这些背景暗示了奥厄所处的世界的累积推动力,暗示了在事件和它的识别之间的纳秒内不断发生的事情,但只有合理化或引发排斥。进入视野的是行为和对行为的理解之间的时间间隔,这是许多非代表性地理学的出发点(哈里森,2000年;菲罗,2011年:366-367),差距,其中“动物人类”在“人类人类”可以做很多事情之前抓住了生命,当人类折叠成其他地理学家现在通常称之为“比人类更重要的”时,
It was freezing cold, snow covered everything: the Jews, chilled to the bone, hurried to the selection point in the hope of leaving the camp as soon as possible. They were loaded into trucks driven by Ukrainian drivers; their belongings were piled separately into other vehicles. Then they were brought in convoys to Rogan, a remote suburb of the city, and shot in balki, ravines chosen by our surveyors. Their belongings were brought to warehouses to be sorted and then distributed to Volkdeutschen…. In this way, the camp was emptied in small groups each day. Just before the New Year, I went to attend an execution.… Fresh blood splattered the snow, flowed into the bottom of the ravine, spread in pools on the ground, hardened by cold; it didn’t freeze, but stagnated, viscous. All around, the grey, dead stems of sunflowers dotted the white fields. All sounds, even the shouts and the gunfire, were muted; underfoot, the snow crunched.… Everything was white, terrifyingly white, except the blood staining everything, the snow, the men, my coat. In the sky, great formations of wild ducks calmly flew south.(Littell, 2010: 176)I have taken this passage, almost at random, from Jonathan Littell’s 975 page epic novel, The Kindly Ones (originally Littell, 2006). It recounts the war-time experiences of Max Aue, an SS intelligence officer, somewhat implausibly moving between the Eastern Front, the siege of Stalingrad, the running of the death camps and then the fall of Berlin. Aue does not excuse his involvement nor deny his guilt, but strives to contextualise his experiences: indeed, relentlessly to contextualise the times, places and events witnessed, as well as his own (in) actions, through an often indigestible mass of detail about countless materials, human and non-human, personalities and machines, psychologies and ecologies, that were the stuff of his war. The contexts suggest an accumulating push of the worlds in which Aue was unavoidably caught, hinting at what kept happening for him in those nanoseconds between event and its recognition, yet alone rationalisation or provoking of repulsion. Swimming into view is the chrono-logical gap between act and its apprehension which has been the departure-point for much non-representational geography (Harrison, 2000; Philo, 2011: 366-367), the gap wherein the ‘animal human’seizes life before the ‘human human’can do much about it, when the human folds into what other geographers are now routinely calling the ‘more-than-human’
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