The Akt kinases: isoform specificity in metabolism and cancer.

The Akt kinases: isoform specificity in metabolism and cancer.
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DOI:
10.4161/cc.8.16.9335
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发表时间:
2009-08-15
期刊:
Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
McGraw TE
McGraw TE
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gonzalez E;McGraw TE

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Akt(PKB)蛋白激酶是人类生理的关键调节者,控制着一系列令人印象深刻的不同细胞功能,包括调节生长、存活、增殖和新陈代谢。Akt激酶家族由三种高度同源的亚型组成:Akt1(PKBα)、Akt2(PKBβ)和Akt3(PKBγ)。Akt异构体基因敲除小鼠的表型分析证明,Akt异构体在调节细胞生长、葡萄糖动态平衡和神经元发育方面具有特定功能。这些研究表明,不同Akt激酶的功能并不完全重叠,并且异构体特异的信号转导有助于Akt活性的多样性。然而,尽管有这些重要的进展,深入了解Akt家族成员的具体作用以及决定Akt异构体功能特异性的分子机制对于阐明Akt调控的细胞过程的复杂性以及Akt异构体特异性的去调节如何可能对疾病状态起到重要作用是至关重要的。在此,我们综述了Akt异构体在新陈代谢和癌症调控中的作用,以及Akt异构体功能特异性的可能机制方面的最新进展。
The Akt (PKB) protein kinases are critical regulators of human physiology that control an impressive array of diverse cellular functions, including the modulation of growth, survival, proliferation and metabolism. The Akt kinase family is comprised of three highly homologous isoforms: Akt1 (PKBα), Akt2 (PKBβ) and Akt3 (PKBγ). Phenotypic analyses of Akt isoform knockout mice documented Akt isoform specific functions in the regulation of cellular growth, glucose homeostasis and neuronal development. Those studies establish that the functions of the different Akt kinases are not completely overlapping and that isoform-specific signaling contributes to the diversity of Akt activities. However, despite these important advances, a thorough understanding about the specific roles of Akt family members and the molecular mechanisms that determine Akt isoform functional specificity will be essential to elucidate the complexity of Akt regulated cellular processes and how Akt isoform-specific deregulation might contribute to disease states. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the roles of Akt isoforms in the regulation of metabolism and cancer, and possible mechanisms contributing to Akt isoform functional specificity.
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