The pivotal role of Vulcanian activity in ending the explosive phase of rhyolitic eruptions: the case of the Big Obsidian Flow eruption (Newberry Volcano, USA)

The pivotal role of Vulcanian activity in ending the explosive phase of rhyolitic eruptions: the case of the Big Obsidian Flow eruption (Newberry Volcano, USA)
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火神活动在结束流纹岩喷发爆发阶段中的关键作用:大黑曜石流喷发案例(美国纽伯里火山)

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-022-01610-3
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Giachetti, Thomas
Giachetti, Thomas
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Trafton, Kathleen R.;Giachetti, Thomas

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爆发性火山活动会产生从火山碎屑流到广泛的喷射物扩散的无数危险。喷发会释放出有毒、破坏性气体和大量熔岩流。硅质岩浆的一次喷发可以产生两种类型的活动,有时甚至同时产生。要了解此类喷发的驱动因素、喷发类型的转变以及相关的危害,需要对喷发进行详细观察并对由此产生的产品进行分析。火山碎屑的物理和地球化学特征可作为其流出前最终管道过程的快照。在这里,我们研究了公元 640 年纽伯里火山(美国俄勒冈州)流纹岩喷发的爆炸阶段,该阶段以亚普林尼式火山碎屑沉降物开始,以大黑曜石流的喷出结束。为了更好地了解浅层管道动力学,我们将之前关于黑曜石火山碎屑的地球化学和纹理的工作与我们对沿扩散轴的 4 个坑中提取的 37 层中的 2000 多个浮石进行了详细的物理和纹理分析相结合。我们分析了灰烬和火山灰层的密度、质量和体积分布,并检查了后者的外部纹理。与 2008 年 Chaitén 火山和 2011-2012 年 Cordón Caulle 火山(均在智利)的流纹岩喷发一样,我们发现短暂的火神脉冲是最初的亚普林阶阶段和随后的喷发活动之间的联系。我们还同意最近的研究,即通过灰烬聚集和沿破碎水平上方的管道边缘烧结形成的黑曜石同步喷发会调节喷发方式,最终导致流纹质熔岩向地下喷发。
Explosive volcanism produces myriad hazards from pyroclastic flows to widespread ejecta dispersal. Effusive eruptions can emit noxious, damaging gases and extensive lava flows. A single eruption of silicic magma can produce both types of activity, sometimes concurrently. Understanding what drives such eruptions, their transitions in styles, and associated hazards requires detailed observations of eruptions and analysis of resulting products. The physical and geochemical characteristics of pyroclasts serve as snapshots of final conduit processes before their egress. Here, we examine the explosive phase of the 640 CE rhyolitic eruption of Newberry Volcano (OR, USA), which began with sub-Plinian pyroclastic fallout and terminated with the effusion of the Big Obsidian Flow. To better understand shallow conduit dynamics, we combine previous work on the geochemistry and textures of obsidian pyroclasts with our detailed physical and textural analyses of > 2000 pumices from 37 layers pulled from 4 pits along the dispersal axis. We analyze the density, mass, and volume distribution of ash and lapilli layers and also examine external the texture of the latter. As with the rhyolitic eruptions of Volcán Chaitén in 2008 and Cordón Caulle in 2011–2012 (both in Chile), we find transitory Vulcanian pulses to be the link between the initial Subplinian phase and subsequent effusive activity. We also concur with recent studies that the syn-eruptive formation of obsidian by ash agglomeration and sintering along the conduit edges above the fragmentation level modulates eruptive style, ultimately leading to the subaerial effusion of rhyolitic lava.
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