Behavioural and physiological responses of laying hens to automated monitoring equipment.
Behavioural and physiological responses of laying hens to automated monitoring equipment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2017.10.017
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Tarlton JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buijs S;Booth F;Richards G;McGaughey L;Nicol CJ;Edgar J;Tarlton JF
监测设备影响成年母鸡在装配当天的行为。母鸡优先考虑（重新）移动新安装的设备而不是探索。设备并不会增加对配备设备的母鸡的攻击行为。从佩戴后两天起，仅观察到对行为的非常轻微的影响。眼周温度似乎与整理行为有关，而不是与压力有关。在观察行为困难或耗时的情况下，自动监控行为可以提供大量信息。然而，这通常需要在动物身上安装监控设备，这可能会改变动物的行为，从而可能使收集到的任何数据失效。鸟类在佩戴设备时通常会表现出更多的整理和能量消耗，尤其是蛋鸡，佩戴设备的个体可能会招致同种动物的攻击。我们研究了 20 只蛋鸡对背包的行为和生理反应，背包上装有用弹性环固定在翅膀底部的监控装置。我们假设背包会导致压力引起的周围温度下降、整理次数增多、同种动物更具攻击性以及体重减轻。这是通过眼睛和梳子的热成像（当安装背包后隔离时）、行为的直接观察（当隔离时、放回组中时以及随后的几天）和称重（每个 7 天的实验期之前和之后）来评估的。每只母鸡仅在两个实验期间之一佩戴背包，并用作其自己的对照。与我们的假设相反，当母鸡背着背包时，眼睛温度更高（无背包：30.2°C（IQR：29.0–30.6）与背包：30.9°C（IQR：30.0–32.0），P < 0.001）。背着背包的母鸡的眼睛温度与梳理毛发的时间密切相关（rs = 0.8，P < 0.001），这表明较高的温度可能是由于梳理本身，或者是由于在翅膀下方梳理毛发时头部位置较低或散热减少所致。攻击性行为非常罕见，并且没有发现背包的影响。与我们的假设一致，无论是在隔离时（无背包：0%（IQR：0-1）与背包：22%（IQR：1-43），P < 0.01）还是回到群体中（无背包：0%（IQR：0-27）与背包：43%（IQR：5-77）），背包在试穿当天都会增加整理次数， P < 0.001）。然而，2-7 天后没有观察到对整理的影响。其他行为变化表明，在试穿当天，母鸡会优先尝试（重新）移动背包，而不太注意周围的环境。然而，只有设备啄食（即啄背包或腿环）在安装后 2-7 天仍然受到影响（无背包：0 啄/母鸡/分钟（IQR：0-0），与背包：0（IQR：0-0.07），P < 0.05）。我们发现背包对体重没有影响。总之，我们的背包似乎适合为母鸡安装监控设备，经过短暂的适应期（≤2 天）后，对其行为的影响非常小。
Monitoring devices affected adult hen behaviour on the day of fitting. Hens prioritized (re)moving newly fitted devices over exploration. Devices did not increase aggressive behaviour towards equipped hens. From two days after fitting on, only a very minor effect on behaviour was observed. Peripheral eye temperature seemed related to preening behaviour rather than stress. Automated monitoring of behaviour can offer a wealth of information in circumstances where observing behaviour is difficult or time consuming. However, this often requires attaching monitoring devices to the animal which can alter behaviour, potentially invalidating any data collected. Birds often show increased preening and energy expenditure when wearing devices and, especially in laying hens, there is a risk that individuals wearing devices will attract aggression from conspecifics. We studied the behavioural and physiological response of 20 laying hens to backpacks containing monitoring devices fastened with elastic loops around the wing base. We hypothesised that backpacks would lead to a stress-induced decrease in peripheral temperature, increased preening, more aggression from conspecifics, and reduced bodyweights. This was evaluated by thermography of the eye and comb (when isolated after fitting backpacks), direct observations of behaviour (when isolated, when placed back into the group, and on later days), and weighing (before and after each 7-day experimental period). Each hen wore a backpack during one of the two experimental periods only and was used as her own control. Contrary to our hypothesis, eye temperature was higher when hens wore a backpack (No backpack: 30.2 °C (IQR: 29.0–30.6) vs. Backpack: 30.9 °C (IQR: 30.0–32.0), P < 0.001). Eye temperature of hens wearing a backpack was strongly correlated to the time spent preening (rs = 0.8, P < 0.001), suggesting that the higher temperatures may have been due to preening itself, or to a low head position or decreased heat dissipation when preening under the wings. Aggressive behaviour was very rare and no effect of the backpacks was found. In line with our hypothesis, backpacks increased preening on the day of fitting, both when isolated (No backpack: 0% (IQR: 0–1) vs. Backpack: 22% (IQR: 1–43), P < 0.01) and when back in the group (No backpack: 0% (IQR: 0–27) vs. Backpack: 43% (IQR: 5–77), P < 0.001). However, no effect on preening was observed 2–7 days afterwards. Other behavioural changes suggested that on the day of fitting hens prioritized attempts to (re)move the backpack and were less attentive to their surroundings. However, only equipment pecking (i.e., pecking the backpack or leg rings) was still affected 2–7 days after fitting (No backpack: 0 pecks/hen/minute (IQR: 0–0), vs. Backpack: 0 (IQR: 0–0.07), P < 0.05). We found no effect of our backpacks on bodyweight. In conclusion, our backpacks seem suitable to attach monitoring equipment to hens with only a very minor effect on their behaviour after a short acclimation period (≤2 days).
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.2701
发表时间：
2011-10-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Edgar, J. L.;Lowe, J. C.;Nicol, C. J.
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影响因子：
2.3
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
2.3
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
JONES, RB